XMPP - Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol
===================================================

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        **What is XMPP?**

        XMPP stands for **Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol**. It is an open, XML-based communication protocol designed for real-time messaging, presence information, and structured data exchange between clients and servers.

        Originally developed for instant messaging, XMPP has evolved to support a wide range of applications including **IoT**, **VoIP**, and **social networking**.

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        **Why is XMPP useful?**

        * **Real-time communication** – Ideal for chat, notifications, and presence updates.
        * **Federated architecture** – Like email, anyone can run their own XMPP server.
        * **Extensible** – Supports custom features via **XMPP Extension Protocols (XEPs)**.
        * **Secure** – Uses **TLS encryption** and **SASL authentication**.
        * **Decentralized** – No central authority; promotes open and distributed communication.

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        **How it works?**

        * **Client connects to XMPP server** – Using TCP and negotiates TLS and authentication.
        * **Authentication** – Performed using SASL (Simple Authentication and Security Layer).
        * **Session established** – Client sends `<presence/>` to indicate availability.
        * **Message exchange** – Clients send XML stanzas (`<message>`, `<presence>`, `<iq>`) through the server.
        * **Session ends** – Client sends `<presence type='unavailable'/>` and disconnects.

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        **Where is XMPP used?**

        * **Instant messaging apps** – Jabber, Conversations, and (formerly) Google Talk.
        * **IoT communication** – Lightweight, extensible, and efficient for device messaging.
        * **Enterprise chat systems** – Used in internal business communication.
        * **Social networking** – Presence/status updates and live interactions.
        * **VoIP and video calls** – Used as a signaling protocol in certain systems.

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        **Which OSI layer does this protocol belong to?**

        * XMPP operates at the **Application Layer (Layer 7)**.
        * It provides **stateful communication**, manages **sessions**, and supports **structured XML data exchange**.
        * It is protocol-agnostic and can carry a wide range of data types.

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        **Is XMPP Windows specific?**

        * No, XMPP is **not Windows-specific**.
        * It is a **cross-platform** protocol supported on Windows, Linux, macOS, Android, iOS, and embedded systems.

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        **Is XMPP Linux specific?**

        * No, XMPP is **not Linux-specific**.
        * It runs across a variety of platforms and operating systems.

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        **Which Transport Protocol is used by XMPP?**

        * XMPP primarily uses **Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)**.
        * It also supports:
        * **TLS** for encryption,
        * **BOSH** (XMPP over HTTP),
        * **WebSockets** for browser-based and firewall-friendly communication.

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        **Which Port is used by XMPP?**

        Common XMPP ports:
        * **Port 5222** – Client-to-server communication (with or without STARTTLS).
        * **Port 5223** – Legacy SSL/TLS (deprecated in favor of STARTTLS).
        * **Port 5269** – Server-to-server federation.

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        **Is XMPP using the client-server model?**

        * Yes, XMPP uses a **client-server model**.
        * **Clients** connect to an **XMPP server**, which:
        * Manages message delivery and presence updates,
        * Routes XML stanzas,
        * Federates with other servers for cross-domain communication.

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        Topics in this section,

                * :ref:`Learnings in this section <XMPP_step1>`

                * :ref:`Terminology <XMPP_step2>`

                * :ref:`Version Info <XMPP_step3>`

                * :ref:`XMPP Version&RFC Details <XMPP_step5>`

                * :ref:`XMPP Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv4 <XMPP_step19>`

                * :ref:`XMPP Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv6 <XMPP_step20>`

                * :ref:`XMPP Protocol Packet Details <XMPP_step6>`

                * :ref:`XMPP Usecases <XMPP_step7>`

                * :ref:`XMPP Basic Features <XMPP_step8>`
                    
                * :ref:`XMPP Feature : XML Based Protocol <XMPP_step9>` 

                * :ref:`XMPP Feature : Real Time Messaging <XMPP_step10>`

                * :ref:`XMPP Feature : Presence Information <XMPP_step11>`  

                * :ref:`XMPP Feature : Federated Architecture <XMPP_step12>`  

                * :ref:`XMPP Feature : Extensiblity via XEPs <XMPP_step13>`

                * :ref:`XMPP Feature : Security Support <XMPP_step14>`

                * :ref:`XMPP Feature : Multiuser chat <XMPP_step15>`   

                * :ref:`XMPP Feature : offline messaging <XMPP_step16>` 

                * :ref:`XMPP Feature : Push Notifications <XMPP_step17>` 

                * :ref:`XMPP Feature : cross platform compatibility <XMPP_step21>`

                * :ref:`Reference links <XMPP_step18>`


.. _XMPP_step1:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: Learnings in this section

        * In this section, you are going to learn

.. _XMPP_step2:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: Terminology
        
       * Terminology


.. _XMPP_step3:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: Version Info
    
         * Version Info


.. _XMPP_step5:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: XMPP Version&RFC Details

        
         .. csv-table:: 
               :file: ./XMPP/XMPP_rfcdetails.csv
               :widths: 10,10,10,30
               :header-rows: 1

.. _XMPP_step19:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: XMPP Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv4

       * setup

.. _XMPP_step20:

.. tab-set::

   .. tab-item:: XMPP Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv6
       
      * setup


.. _XMPP_step6:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: XMPP Protocol Packet Details
       
         **Client Stream Header Packet**

         .. csv-table:: 
                :file: ./XMPP/XMPP_packetdetails1.csv
                :widths: 10,20,30,10
                :header-rows: 1

         **Server Stream Header Packet**

         .. csv-table::
                :file: ./XMPP/XMPP_packetdetails2.csv
                :widths: 10,20,30,10
                :header-rows: 1
        
         **SASL Authentication Packet**
 
         .. csv-table::
                :file: ./XMPP/XMPP_packetdetails3.csv
                :widths: 10,20,30,10
                :header-rows: 1
           
         **Resource Binding Packet**

         .. csv-table::
                :file: ./XMPP/XMPP_packetdetails4.csv
                :widths: 10,20,30,10
                :header-rows: 1


         **Presence Packet**

         .. csv-table::
                :file: ./XMPP/XMPP_packetdetails5.csv
                :widths: 10,20,30,10
                :header-rows: 1

         **Message Packet**

         .. csv-table::
                :file: ./XMPP/XMPP_packetdetails6.csv
                :widths: 10,20,30,10
                :header-rows: 1

         **IQ Packet**

         .. csv-table::
                :file: ./XMPP/XMPP_packetdetails7.csv
                :widths: 10,20,30,10
                :header-rows: 1


.. _XMPP_step7:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: XMPP Usecases
        
        
         .. csv-table:: 
               :file: ./XMPP/XMPP_usecases.csv
               :widths: 10,20,30
               :header-rows: 1

.. _XMPP_step8:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: XMPP Basic Features
    
         
         .. csv-table:: 
                  :file: ./XMPP/XMPP_basicfeatures.csv
                  :widths: 10,10,30
                  :header-rows: 1

.. _XMPP_step9:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: XMPP Feature : XML Based Protocol

          **XML Based Protocol - Testcases**

          .. csv-table:: 
                 :file: ./XMPP/XMPP_feature1_XML_Based_Protocol_testcases.csv
                 :widths: 10,10,30,20
                 :header-rows: 1


   
.. _XMPP_step10:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: XMPP Feature : Real Time Messaging

         **Real Time Messaging - Testcases**

         .. csv-table:: 
                :file: ./XMPP/XMPP_feature2_Real_Time_Messaging_testcases.csv
                :widths: 10,10,30,20
                :header-rows: 1


.. _XMPP_step11:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: XMPP Feature : Presence Information

        **Presence Information - Testcases**

        .. csv-table:: 
                 :file: ./XMPP/XMPP_feature3_Presence_Information_testcases.csv
                 :widths: 10,10,30,20
                 :header-rows: 1


.. _XMPP_step12:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: XMPP Feature : Federated Architecture

          **Federated Architecture - Testcases**

          .. csv-table:: 
                :file: ./XMPP/XMPP_feature4_Federated_Architecture_testcases.csv
                :widths: 10,10,30,20
                :header-rows: 1



.. _XMPP_step13:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: XMPP Feature : Extensiblity via XEPs

         **Extensiblity via XEPs - Testcases**

         .. csv-table:: 
                 :file: ./XMPP/XMPP_feature5_Extensiblity_via_XEPs_testcases.csv
                 :widths: 10,10,30,20
                 :header-rows: 1


 
.. _XMPP_step14:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: XMPP Feature : Security Support

         **Security Support - Testcases**

         .. csv-table:: 
                  :file: ./XMPP/XMPP_feature6_Security_Support_testcases.csv
                  :widths: 10,10,30,20
                  :header-rows: 1


.. _XMPP_step15:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: XMPP Feature : Multiuser chat
   
          **Multiuser chat - Testcases**

          .. csv-table:: 
                 :file: ./XMPP/XMPP_feature7_Multiuser_chat_testcases.csv
                 :widths: 10,10,30,20
                 :header-rows: 1


.. _XMPP_step16:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: XMPP Feature : offline messaging

         **offline messaging - Testcases**

         .. csv-table:: 
                 :file: ./XMPP/XMPP_feature8_offline_messaging_testcases.csv
                 :widths: 10,10,30,20
                 :header-rows: 1


.. _XMPP_step17:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: XMPP Feature : Push Notifications

        **Push Notifications - Testcases**

        .. csv-table::
                :file: ./XMPP/XMPP_feature9_Push_Notifications_testcases.csv
                :widths: 10,10,30,20
                :header-rows: 1

.. _XMPP_step21:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: XMPP Feature : cross platform compatibility

        **cross platform compatibility - Testcases**

        .. csv-table::
                :file: ./XMPP/XMPP_feature10_cross_platform_compatibility_testcases.csv
                :widths: 10,10,30,20
                :header-rows: 1



.. _XMPP_step18:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: Reference links
     
       * Reference links