802.11ac Physical Rates
=========================


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        **What frequency band does 802.11ac operate in?**

        802.11ac operates exclusively in the 5 GHz band to avoid interference and achieve higher throughput.

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        **What is the maximum physical data rate supported by 802.11ac?**

        It supports a maximum physical layer data rate of up to 6.93 Gbps under optimal conditions.

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        **How does 802.11ac achieve higher data rates compared to previous standards?**

        By using wider channel bandwidths (up to 160 MHz), higher order modulation (up to 256-QAM), and Multi-User MIMO (MU-MIMO).

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        **What channel bandwidths are supported in 802.11ac?**

        20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and optionally 160 MHz channels are supported.

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        **What modulation schemes are used in 802.11ac?**

        BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, and 256-QAM are supported, with 256-QAM providing the highest data rates.

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        **What is MU-MIMO and how does it affect physical rates?**

        MU-MIMO allows simultaneous transmission to multiple devices, effectively increasing throughput and spectral efficiency.

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        **How many spatial streams does 802.11ac support?**

        Up to 8 spatial streams can be used, improving data rates by parallel transmission.

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        **What role does beamforming play in 802.11ac physical rates?**

        Beamforming focuses signal energy towards the receiver, improving signal quality and data rates.

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        **Are all channel widths available everywhere?**

        160 MHz channels are optional and may not be supported on all devices or regulatory domains.

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        **What is the relationship between modulation and data rate?**

        Higher-order modulations carry more bits per symbol, thus increasing data rates but requiring better signal quality.

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        **How does coding rate affect physical rates in 802.11ac?**

        Coding rates (e.g., 3/4, 5/6) determine error correction levels, balancing throughput and reliability.

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        **Does 802.11ac support dynamic rate adaptation?**

        Yes, devices adapt their data rates based on channel conditions to maintain optimal performance.

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        **What is the symbol duration in 802.11ac?**

        The symbol duration is 3.6 microseconds, shorter than previous standards to increase data throughput.

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        **How does guard interval length impact physical rates?**

        A short guard interval (0.4 µs) reduces overhead, increasing throughput compared to the standard 0.8 µs interval.

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        **Can 802.11ac devices fall back to lower rates?**

        Yes, fallback mechanisms allow devices to switch to lower rates for better reliability in poor conditions.

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        **What is the maximum data rate with 160 MHz channel and 8 spatial streams?**

        Approximately 6.93 Gbps, combining maximum channel width, modulation, and spatial streams.

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        **How does 802.11ac physical rates compare to 802.11n?**

        802.11ac offers roughly 3 times higher maximum data rates than 802.11n by leveraging wider channels, more spatial streams, and advanced modulation.

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        **Where can I find detailed physical rate tables for 802.11ac?**

        The IEEE 802.11ac amendment and Wi-Fi Alliance documentation provide detailed rate and modulation tables.

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        Topics in this section,

                * :ref:`Learnings in this section <physical_rates_step1>`

                * :ref:`Terminology <physical_rates_step2>`

                * :ref:`Version Info <physical_rates_step3>`

                * :ref:`physical_rates Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv4 <physical_rates_step18>`

                * :ref:`Reference links <physical_rates_step17>`

.. _physical_rates_step1:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: Learnings in this section

        * In this section, you are going to learn

.. _physical_rates_step2:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: Terminology
        
       * Terminology


.. _physical_rates_step3:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: Version Info
    
         * Version Info


.. _physical_rates_step18:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: physical_rates Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv4

       * setup


.. _physical_rates_step17:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: Reference links
     
       * Reference links