List of PPDUs Supported in 802.11ac
========================================


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        **What are PPDU types supported in IEEE 802.11ac?**

        IEEE 802.11ac primarily supports the Single User (SU) PPDU and Multi-User (MU) PPDU formats for data transmission.

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        **What is a Single User PPDU in 802.11ac?**

        SU PPDU is used for communication between an access point and a single client device using one spatial stream or multiple streams.

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        **What is a Multi-User PPDU (MU-PPDU)?**

        MU-PPDU allows simultaneous transmission to multiple clients using MU-MIMO technology, increasing throughput and efficiency.

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        **What modulation and coding schemes (MCS) are used in 802.11ac PPDUs?**

        802.11ac supports MCS indices 0 through 9, using up to 256-QAM for high data rates.

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        **What is the role of the preamble in 802.11ac PPDU?**

        The preamble contains synchronization, channel estimation, and signaling information needed for proper decoding.

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        **How does 802.11ac PPDU differ from 802.11n?**

        802.11ac uses wider channels (up to 160 MHz), more spatial streams (up to 8), and higher-order modulation compared to 802.11n.

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        **What are the main fields in an 802.11ac PPDU?**

        Fields include the Legacy Short Training Field (L-STF), Legacy Long Training Field (L-LTF), VHT-SIG, VHT-STF, VHT-LTF, and the data payload.

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        **What is VHT-SIG in 802.11ac PPDU?**

        VHT-SIG carries important transmission parameters like bandwidth, MCS, number of spatial streams, and coding rates.

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        **How is channel bandwidth represented in 802.11ac PPDU?**

        Channel bandwidth can be 20, 40, 80, or 160 MHz and is indicated in the VHT-SIG fields.

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        **Does 802.11ac PPDU support beamforming?**

        Yes, beamforming information is included to improve signal quality and spatial multiplexing.

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        **What is the maximum number of spatial streams in 802.11ac PPDU?**

        Up to 8 spatial streams can be used to increase data throughput.

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        **How does 802.11ac handle guard intervals in PPDUs?**

        802.11ac supports both 800 ns and 400 ns guard intervals to reduce inter-symbol interference.

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        **What types of PPDUs are used for control frames?**

        Control frames typically use legacy PPDU formats to ensure backward compatibility.

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        **Are there any special PPDU formats for management frames?**

        Management frames usually use legacy formats, but some enhancements can be supported within 802.11ac.

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        **How does 802.11ac ensure backward compatibility with older devices?**

        By including legacy preambles in PPDUs, 802.11ac devices can coexist with older 802.11a/n devices.

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        **What is the typical PPDU duration in 802.11ac?**

        Duration varies depending on data rate, channel width, and payload size but is optimized for high throughput.

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        **Can 802.11ac PPDUs aggregate multiple frames?**

        Yes, frame aggregation is supported to improve efficiency and throughput.

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        **Where can I find detailed PPDU format specifications for 802.11ac?**

        Detailed PPDU formats are defined in the IEEE 802.11ac amendment to the 802.11 standard.


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        Topics in this section,

                * :ref:`Learnings in this section <ppdu_step1>`

                * :ref:`Terminology <ppdu_step2>`

                * :ref:`Version Info <ppdu_step3>`

                * :ref:`ppdu Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv4 <ppdu_step18>`

                * :ref:`Reference links <ppdu_step17>`

.. _ppdu_step1:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: Learnings in this section

        * In this section, you are going to learn

.. _ppdu_step2:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: Terminology
        
       * Terminology


.. _ppdu_step3:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: Version Info
    
         * Version Info


.. _ppdu_step18:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: ppdu Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv4

       * setup


.. _ppdu_step17:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: Reference links
     
       * Reference links