802.11ag Physical Rates
=========================

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        **What are physical rates in IEEE 802.11a/g?**

        Physical rates refer to the data transmission speeds supported by the wireless standard at the physical layer.

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        **How many physical rates does 802.11a/g support?**

        802.11a/g supports eight standard physical rates from 6 Mbps to 54 Mbps.

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        **Why are multiple physical rates important?**

        Different rates allow devices to adapt to varying channel conditions and maintain connectivity.

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        **How do devices select a physical rate?**

        Devices use rate adaptation algorithms based on signal quality, error rates, and interference levels.

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        **Is the physical rate the same as the actual throughput?**

        No, throughput is usually lower due to protocol overhead, retransmissions, and medium contention.

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        **What is the lowest physical rate in 802.11a/g?**

        The lowest mandatory rate is 6 Mbps.

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        **What is the highest physical rate in 802.11a/g?**

        The highest rate is 54 Mbps.

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        **How does signal strength affect physical rates?**

        Stronger signals allow higher rates; weaker signals force devices to drop to lower rates for reliability.

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        **Are physical rates fixed or dynamic during communication?**

        They are dynamic; devices can switch rates on-the-fly to optimize performance.

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        **How do environmental factors impact physical rates?**

        Obstacles, interference, and distance reduce signal quality, often lowering achievable physical rates.

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        **Do all devices support all physical rates?**

        Most devices support all mandatory rates, but some may omit certain optional rates.

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        **What modulation techniques correspond to physical rates?**

        Physical rates map to specific modulations like BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, and 64-QAM with coding rates.

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        **Can physical rates affect battery life?**

        Higher rates can transmit data faster, potentially reducing active radio time and saving battery.

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        **What is rate fallback?**

        A mechanism where devices reduce their physical rate after transmission failures to improve reliability.

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        **How does physical rate influence latency?**

        Higher physical rates generally reduce transmission time, decreasing latency.

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        **Are physical rates the same in 802.11a and 802.11g?**

        Yes, both support the same set of OFDM-based physical rates.

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        **How do physical rates relate to channel bandwidth?**

        802.11a/g uses 20 MHz channels, which support the defined physical rates; wider channels allow higher rates in newer standards.

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        **How do physical rates impact network capacity?**

        Higher physical rates can increase overall network capacity by reducing airtime per packet.

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        **What role do physical rates play in interoperability?**

        Devices must support mandatory rates to interoperate properly under the standard.

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        **Can firmware updates change physical rate support?**

        Yes, vendors may improve rate adaptation or add support for optional rates via updates.


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        Topics in this section,

                * :ref:`Learnings in this section <physical_rates_step1>`

                * :ref:`Terminology <physical_rates_step2>`

                * :ref:`Version Info <physical_rates_step3>`

                * :ref:`physical_rates Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv4 <physical_rates_step18>`

                * :ref:`Reference links <physical_rates_step17>`

.. _physical_rates_step1:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: Learnings in this section

        * In this section, you are going to learn

.. _physical_rates_step2:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: Terminology
        
       * Terminology


.. _physical_rates_step3:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: Version Info
    
         * Version Info


.. _physical_rates_step18:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: physical_rates Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv4

       * setup


.. _physical_rates_step17:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: Reference links
     
       * Reference links