Power Saving Mechanisms in IEEE 802.11ag protocol
=====================================================

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        **What is the purpose of power saving mechanisms in 802.11a/g?**

        To reduce energy consumption of wireless devices, especially battery-powered clients, while maintaining connectivity.

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        **How does the Power Save Mode (PSM) work in 802.11a/g?**

        Clients enter sleep mode periodically, waking up to receive buffered data from the access point.

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        **What role does the Traffic Indication Map (TIM) play in power saving?**

        TIM is a bitmap in beacon frames indicating which clients have buffered data waiting at the AP.

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        **How do clients know when to wake up in power save mode?**

        They periodically listen to beacon frames containing the TIM and check if the AP has data for them.

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        **What is the Delivery Traffic Indication Message (DTIM)?**

        DTIM is a special beacon that indicates multicast/broadcast frames buffered at the AP, prompting clients to wake.

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        **How does the Listen Interval affect power saving?**

        It defines how often a client wakes to receive beacon frames; longer intervals save more power but increase latency.

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        **What is the role of the PS-Poll frame?**

        PS-Poll allows a sleeping client to request buffered unicast frames from the AP.

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        **How does the AP handle buffered frames for sleeping clients?**

        It stores frames and indicates their presence in TIM until the client wakes and requests delivery.

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        **What is Automatic Power Save Delivery (APSD)?**

        APSD is an enhanced power saving feature allowing scheduled data delivery, reducing latency and power consumption.

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        **Is APSD supported in 802.11a/g?**

        APSD was introduced in 802.11e but can be implemented alongside 802.11a/g devices for QoS power saving.

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        **How does the Beacon Interval affect power saving?**

        Longer beacon intervals reduce wake-up frequency, saving power but increasing data delivery delay.

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        **What is the significance of the Power Management bit in frame headers?**

        It signals if a client is entering or leaving power save mode to the AP.

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        **How does power saving affect network latency?**

        Power saving introduces latency because clients may be asleep when data arrives, causing delays.

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        **Can power saving cause packet loss?**

        If not properly synchronized, clients might miss frames buffered during sleep, but the protocol minimizes this risk.

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        **How do clients balance power saving and performance?**

        By adjusting listen intervals and wake-up patterns based on application needs and traffic.

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        **What challenges exist in power saving for 802.11a/g?**

        Maintaining synchronization, managing buffered frames, and handling multicast/broadcast efficiently.

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        **How does multicast affect power saving?**

        Multicast frames are delivered only at DTIM intervals, so clients may remain awake longer to receive them.

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        **Do access points have special roles in power saving?**

        Yes, APs buffer frames and manage TIMs to support clients’ power saving operations.

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        **Can firmware updates improve power saving?**

        Yes, updates can optimize algorithms, timing, and handling of power saving features.

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        Topics in this section,

                * :ref:`Learnings in this section <power_save_step1>`

                * :ref:`Terminology <power_save_step2>`

                * :ref:`Version Info <power_save_step3>`

                * :ref:`power_save Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv4 <power_save_step18>`

                * :ref:`Reference links <power_save_step17>`

.. _power_save_step1:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: Learnings in this section

        * In this section, you are going to learn

.. _power_save_step2:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: Terminology
        
       * Terminology


.. _power_save_step3:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: Version Info
    
         * Version Info


.. _power_save_step18:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: power_save Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv4

       * setup


.. _power_save_step17:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: Reference links
     
       * Reference links