802.11ay MAC Timings
=======================


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        **What are MAC timing parameters in 802.11ay?**

        MAC timing parameters define how long devices wait before transmitting, responding, or backing off to avoid collisions.

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        **What role does SIFS play in 802.11ay?**

        Short Interframe Space (SIFS) is the shortest waiting period used for immediate response frames like ACKs and CTS.

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        **How is DIFS used in 802.11ay?**

        Distributed Interframe Space (DIFS) is used before regular data transmissions to ensure fair access among devices.

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        **Does 802.11ay introduce new timing intervals?**

        Yes, it introduces modified timing intervals tailored for millimeter-wave (mmWave) directional transmissions.

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        **How does the backoff mechanism work in 802.11ay?**

        Devices use a randomized backoff timer after sensing the medium busy, avoiding simultaneous retransmissions.

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        **Are timing values fixed or adaptive in 802.11ay?**

        Many timing values are fixed per standard, but some may be tuned by the AP for environmental conditions or QoS.

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        **How do MAC timings support directional transmissions?**

        Timings are adjusted to accommodate beamforming delays and alignment for directional communication.

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        **Why is timing critical in mmWave communication?**

        Precise timing ensures synchronization, reduces interference, and maintains low-latency transmission in narrow beams.

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        **What is the role of PIFS in 802.11ay?**

        Point Coordination Function Interframe Space (PIFS) is used by the AP to gain medium access before stations.

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        **How is time synchronization achieved in 802.11ay?**

        Beacon frames and timing synchronization functions (TSF) are used to align all devices in the BSS.

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        **How does MAC timing help in collision avoidance?**

        Timing parameters regulate when devices transmit, helping avoid simultaneous access and ensuring orderly communication.

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        **Does 802.11ay support time-sensitive traffic?**

        Yes, it supports scheduled access and tight timing for latency-sensitive applications like VR and streaming.

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        **Are timing values different for control and data frames?**

        Yes, shorter interframe spaces like SIFS are used for control frames, while longer ones like DIFS are for data.

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        **How does beamforming affect MAC timing?**

        Beamforming introduces additional training time, which is considered in timing coordination between sender and receiver.

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        **Can MAC timing impact throughput?**

        Yes, efficient timing minimizes idle periods and collisions, directly impacting throughput and latency.

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        **What is AIFS and is it used in 802.11ay?**

        Arbitration Interframe Space (AIFS) is used for differentiated access categories, helping prioritize traffic.

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        **Do timing intervals vary by device capability?**

        Some intervals may differ based on device class or supported features, especially in directional or MU scenarios.

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        **How is timing managed across multiple links in 802.11ay?**

        The MAC layer synchronizes transmissions and receptions across links to avoid conflicts and ensure coherence.

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        **Does 802.11ay MAC timing support burst transmissions?**

        Yes, timing rules allow for TXOPs (Transmit Opportunities) where multiple frames can be sent without recontending.


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        Topics in this section,

                * :ref:`Learnings in this section <mac_timings_step1>`

                * :ref:`Terminology <mac_timings_step2>`

                * :ref:`Version Info <mac_timings_step3>`

                * :ref:`mac_timings Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv4 <mac_timings_step18>`

                * :ref:`Reference links <mac_timings_step17>`

.. _mac_timings_step1:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: Learnings in this section

        * In this section, you are going to learn

.. _mac_timings_step2:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: Terminology
        
       * Terminology


.. _mac_timings_step3:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: Version Info
    
         * Version Info


.. _mac_timings_step18:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: mac_timings Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv4

       * setup


.. _mac_timings_step17:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: Reference links
     
       * Reference links