802.11ay Physical Rates ========================= .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What are the supported physical data rates in IEEE 802.11ay?** IEEE 802.11ay supports multi-gigabit data rates, with theoretical speeds exceeding 40 Gbps using channel bonding and multiple streams. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Which modulation techniques are used in 802.11ay?** 802.11ay uses higher-order modulation schemes, including up to 64-QAM, for increased throughput. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Does 802.11ay use MCS (Modulation and Coding Schemes)?** Yes, it extends the MCS index range to support higher data rates, leveraging improved modulation and coding efficiency. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **How many spatial streams does 802.11ay support?** It supports up to 8 spatial streams using MU-MIMO for significantly higher throughput. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Is beamforming involved in achieving higher physical rates?** Yes, beamforming is critical in 802.11ay to maintain high rates over directional mmWave links. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What channel widths are supported in 802.11ay?** It supports 2.16 GHz channels and channel bonding of up to 4x2.16 GHz (total 8.64 GHz), enabling extreme throughput. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **How does 802.11ay handle rate adaptation?** It uses adaptive rate selection based on signal quality, distance, interference, and error rates. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Are there predefined physical rate sets in 802.11ay?** Yes, a set of mandatory and optional data rates are defined for interoperability and device compliance. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **How does channel bonding affect physical rates?** Channel bonding increases the effective bandwidth, allowing more data to be transmitted per unit time, boosting rates. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Can devices use different rates for uplink and downlink?** Yes, 802.11ay supports independent uplink and downlink configurations, allowing asymmetric data rate usage. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What role does coding efficiency play in physical rates?** Advanced coding techniques like LDPC improve error resilience and enable higher data throughput. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Is there backward compatibility in physical rates?** 802.11ay maintains compatibility with 802.11ad's physical rate structures while expanding capabilities. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Do environmental conditions affect physical rates?** Yes, blockage, interference, and mobility significantly affect achievable data rates due to mmWave characteristics. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What frequency band does 802.11ay operate in?** 802.11ay operates in the 60 GHz millimeter wave band, which supports very high bandwidth. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **How does 802.11ay achieve higher spectral efficiency?** Through dense modulation, wide channels, spatial streams, and efficient MAC scheduling mechanisms. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Are there physical rate limits defined for regulatory reasons?** Yes, region-specific power and frequency regulations may limit the maximum usable data rate. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Can devices dynamically switch between 802.11ad and 802.11ay rates?** Yes, dual-mode devices can fall back to 802.11ad rates if 802.11ay conditions are not met. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **How is throughput calculated from physical rate?** Throughput considers physical rate minus protocol overhead, retransmissions, and environmental impacts. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What physical rate is typically needed for 8K video streaming?** Depending on compression, 8K video requires at least 100 Mbps to several Gbps—well within 802.11ay’s range. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What’s the theoretical maximum physical rate of 802.11ay?** Theoretical limits exceed 176 Gbps with full channel bonding, 8 streams, and highest MCS—but real-world rates are lower. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow Topics in this section, * :ref:`Learnings in this section ` * :ref:`Terminology ` * :ref:`Version Info ` * :ref:`physical_rates Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv4 ` * :ref:`Reference links ` .. _physical_rates_step1: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: Learnings in this section * In this section, you are going to learn .. _physical_rates_step2: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: Terminology * Terminology .. _physical_rates_step3: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: Version Info * Version Info .. _physical_rates_step18: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: physical_rates Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv4 * setup .. _physical_rates_step17: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: Reference links * Reference links