802.11b Physical Rates
=========================


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        **What are the supported physical data rates in IEEE 802.11b?**

        1 Mbps, 2 Mbps, 5.5 Mbps, and 11 Mbps.

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        **What modulation schemes does 802.11b use for these rates?**

        DSSS with DBPSK for 1 Mbps, DQPSK for 2 Mbps, and CCK for 5.5 and 11 Mbps.

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        **Why does 802.11b support multiple physical rates?**

        To adapt to varying channel conditions and maintain reliable communication.

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        **How does 802.11b select which data rate to use?**

        Rate selection is based on signal quality, interference, and error rates, often managed by rate adaptation algorithms.

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        **What is the maximum physical data rate achievable in 802.11b?**

        11 Mbps.

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        **What frequency band does 802.11b operate in?**

        2.4 GHz ISM band.

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        **How does the physical rate affect range in 802.11b?**

        Lower rates like 1 Mbps offer longer range and better penetration, while higher rates are shorter range but higher throughput.

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        **Does 802.11b support dynamic rate switching?**

        Yes, devices can switch rates dynamically to optimize performance.

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        **What is Complementary Code Keying (CCK)?**

        A modulation scheme used in 802.11b for 5.5 and 11 Mbps to improve data rates while maintaining robustness.

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        **How does 802.11b handle backward compatibility with 802.11 DSSS?**

        802.11b extends the original DSSS with higher data rates while remaining compatible with 1 and 2 Mbps DSSS devices.

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        **What is the impact of interference on physical rates?**

        High interference can cause devices to fall back to lower data rates for more reliable transmission.

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        **Are physical rates fixed or configurable in 802.11b devices?**

        They can be configured but are usually managed automatically by the wireless driver.

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        **How does 802.11b compare with 802.11a in terms of data rates?**

        802.11a supports higher rates (up to 54 Mbps) using OFDM, while 802.11b maxes out at 11 Mbps using DSSS.

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        **What is the symbol rate used in 802.11b?**

        The basic symbol rate is 1 megasymbol per second.

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        **How are data rates indicated in 802.11b frames?**

        The rate field in the PLCP header specifies the data rate used for the transmitted frame.

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        **What coding techniques are used in 802.11b to achieve different rates?**

        DBPSK, DQPSK, and CCK coding.

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        **How does the choice of physical rate impact latency?**

        Higher rates reduce transmission time, lowering latency, but may require better signal conditions.

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        **Are all 802.11b rates equally robust in noisy environments?**

        No, lower rates like 1 Mbps are more robust in noise than higher rates.

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        **What mechanisms exist to improve throughput beyond physical rate limits in 802.11b?**

        Techniques like frame aggregation are not part of 802.11b but are introduced in later standards like 802.11n.


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        Topics in this section,

                * :ref:`Learnings in this section <physical_rates_step1>`

                * :ref:`Terminology <physical_rates_step2>`

                * :ref:`Version Info <physical_rates_step3>`

                * :ref:`physical_rates Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv4 <physical_rates_step18>`

                * :ref:`Reference links <physical_rates_step17>`

.. _physical_rates_step1:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: Learnings in this section

        * In this section, you are going to learn

.. _physical_rates_step2:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: Terminology
        
       * Terminology


.. _physical_rates_step3:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: Version Info
    
         * Version Info


.. _physical_rates_step18:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: physical_rates Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv4

       * setup


.. _physical_rates_step17:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: Reference links
     
       * Reference links