Power Saving Mechanisms in IEEE 802.11a protocol
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        **What is the primary power saving mechanism in IEEE 802.11b?**

        The Power Save Mode (PSM), where clients enter a low-power sleep state to save energy.

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        **How do devices in 802.11b know when to wake up from sleep?**

        Access Points (APs) signal buffered data availability via Traffic Indication Map (TIM) in beacon frames.

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        **What role does the Delivery Traffic Indication Message (DTIM) play in power saving?**

        DTIM alerts sleeping clients about multicast or broadcast frames buffered at the AP.

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        **Can a device send data while in Power Save Mode?**

        Devices typically wake to send data and then return to sleep to conserve power.

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        **How does 802.11b coordinate sleep and wake cycles?**

        Using beacon frames at regular intervals which include TIM information to notify clients.

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        **Does Power Save Mode impact network performance?**

        It may introduce slight delays due to clients waking periodically rather than staying always ready.

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        **Is Power Save Mode mandatory in 802.11b?**

        No, it is an optional feature but widely supported to extend battery life.

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        **What is the role of beacon interval in power saving?**

        It defines how often APs send beacon frames; longer intervals can save power but increase latency.

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        **How do Access Points buffer frames for sleeping clients?**

        APs hold packets destined for sleeping stations until the client wakes and requests delivery.

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        **What signaling indicates a client is in Power Save Mode?**

        The Power Management bit in the MAC frame header indicates whether the client is in PSM.

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        **How does 802.11b handle multicast/broadcast data during power saving?**

        Such frames are buffered and sent after DTIM beacon intervals to awake clients.

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        **Can power saving cause packet loss?**

        If a client misses a beacon or wake interval, packets may be delayed but not lost due to buffering.

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        **Are there enhancements to power saving beyond 802.11b?**

        Yes, later standards introduce mechanisms like U-APSD and TWT for more efficient power management.

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        **How do devices decide when to enter Power Save Mode?**

        Typically based on battery level and traffic patterns; devices manage this autonomously.

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        **What is the impact of Power Save Mode on latency?**

        Latency can increase since devices wake periodically rather than continuously listening.

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        **How does the Power Save mechanism affect roaming?**

        Roaming clients may temporarily lose buffered frames if sleep cycles are not synchronized.

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        **Can Power Save Mode be disabled by the user or AP?**

        Yes, devices or APs can disable it for performance-critical applications.

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        **How does 802.11b Power Save Mode compare to later standards?**

        It is more basic and less efficient than later mechanisms like APSD or Target Wake Time (TWT).


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        Topics in this section,

                * :ref:`Learnings in this section <power_save_step1>`

                * :ref:`Terminology <power_save_step2>`

                * :ref:`Version Info <power_save_step3>`

                * :ref:`power_save Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv4 <power_save_step18>`

                * :ref:`Reference links <power_save_step17>`

.. _power_save_step1:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: Learnings in this section

        * In this section, you are going to learn

.. _power_save_step2:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: Terminology
        
       * Terminology


.. _power_save_step3:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: Version Info
    
         * Version Info


.. _power_save_step18:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: power_save Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv4

       * setup


.. _power_save_step17:

.. tab-set::

    .. tab-item:: Reference links
     
       * Reference links