802.11i ===================== .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What is IEEE 802.11i?** IEEE 802.11i is a Wi-Fi security standard that enhances the original 802.11 authentication and encryption mechanisms. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **When was 802.11i introduced?** It was ratified in 2004 to address security weaknesses in previous Wi-Fi standards. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What encryption does 802.11i use?** It primarily uses AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) with CCMP (Counter Mode with CBC-MAC Protocol) for strong encryption. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Does 802.11i replace WEP?** Yes, 802.11i replaces the insecure WEP protocol with WPA2 security. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What is WPA2 in relation to 802.11i?** WPA2 is the certification that implements the 802.11i standard for wireless security. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What authentication methods does 802.11i support?** It supports IEEE 802.1X-based authentication with EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) for enterprise networks. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Is 802.11i compatible with WPA?** Yes, 802.11i is an improvement over WPA, offering stronger encryption and authentication. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Which OSI layer does 802.11i operate on?** It operates at the Data Link Layer (Layer 2), specifically the MAC sublayer. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What protocols does 802.11i use for key management?** It uses the Four-Way Handshake and Group Key Handshake for dynamic key management. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Can 802.11i protect against replay attacks?** Yes, the CCMP protocol provides protection against replay attacks through sequence counters. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Does 802.11i support personal and enterprise modes?** Yes, it supports Personal mode (PSK - Pre-Shared Key) and Enterprise mode (using 802.1X authentication servers). .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What is the difference between WPA and WPA2?** WPA uses TKIP encryption; WPA2 (802.11i) uses stronger AES-based CCMP encryption. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Is 802.11i backward compatible?** Devices can support mixed modes for backward compatibility with older WPA devices, but full 802.11i security requires WPA2-capable hardware. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **What vulnerabilities does 802.11i address?** It addresses vulnerabilities like weak encryption, poor key management, and lack of mutual authentication found in WEP. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Is 802.11i mandatory for modern Wi-Fi networks?** Yes, WPA2 (802.11i) is considered a baseline security standard for modern Wi-Fi networks. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Can 802.11i be implemented on existing hardware?** Many devices support firmware upgrades to enable 802.11i, but some older hardware may not be compatible. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **How does 802.11i improve key distribution?** It dynamically distributes keys via the Four-Way Handshake, reducing risk of key compromise. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Does 802.11i support mutual authentication?** Yes, via IEEE 802.1X and EAP, both client and server authenticate each other. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow **Which Wi-Fi certification corresponds to 802.11i?** WPA2 certification corresponds to IEEE 802.11i security enhancements. .. panels:: :container: container pb-4 :column: col-lg-12 p-2 :card: shadow Topics in this section, * :ref:`Learnings in this section <802_11i_step1>` * :ref:`Terminology <802_11i_step2>` * :ref:`Version Info <802_11i_step3>` * :ref:`802_11i Version&IEEE Details <802_11i_step4>` * :ref:`802_11i Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv4 <802_11i_step5>` * :ref:`802_11i Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv6 <802_11i_step6>` * :ref:`802_11i List of MAC features <802_11i_step7>` * :ref:`802_11i Medium Access Functions and their inner working <802_11i_step8>` * :ref:`802_11i Supported Frequency Bands in 802.11i <802_11i_step9>` * :ref:`802_11i List of Physical Features <802_11i_step10>` * :ref:`802_11i Power Saving Mechanisms in IEEE 802.11i <802_11i_step11>` * :ref:`802_11i Interoperability Mechanisms in IEEE 802.11i <802_11i_step12>` * :ref:`802_11i End-User Products that support 802.11i <802_11i_step13>` * :ref:`802_11i Protocol Packet Details <802_11i_step14>` * :ref:`802_11i Basic Features <802_11i_step15>` * :ref:`Reference links <802_11i_step16>` .. _802_11i_step1: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: Learnings in this section * In this section, you are going to learn .. _802_11i_step2: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: Terminology * Terminology .. _802_11i_step3: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: Version Info * Version Info .. _802_11i_step4: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 802.11i Version&RFC Details * rfc details .. _802_11i_step5: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 802.11i Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv4 * setup .. _802_11i_step6: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 802.11i Basic Setup on Ubuntu using IPv6 * setup .. _802_11i_step7: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 802.11i List of MAC features * mac features .. _802_11i_step8: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 802.11i Medium Access Functions and their inner working * Medium Access Functions and their inner working .. _802_11i_step9: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: Supported Frequency Bands in 802.11i * Supported Frequency Bands in 802.11i .. _802_11i_step10: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: 802.11i List of Physical Features * List of Physical Features .. _802_11i_step11: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: Power Saving Mechanisms in IEEE 802.11i * Power Saving Mechanisms in IEEE 802.11i .. _802_11i_step12: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: Interoperability Mechanisms in IEEE 802.11i * Interoperability Mechanisms in IEEE 802.11i .. _802_11i_step13: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: End-User Products that support 802.11i * End-User Products that support 802.11i .. _802_11i_step14: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: Protocol Packet Details in 802.11i * Protocol Packet Details .. _802_11i_step15: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: Basic Features * Basic Features .. _802_11i_step16: .. tab-set:: .. tab-item:: Reference links * Reference links