Name Resolution Protocols

This section covers protocols and systems used to resolve hostnames to IP addresses on local networks and the internet. These protocols help identify and reach systems using human-readable names.

Protocol

Description

Use Case

ALLJOYN-NS

Part of the AllJoyn framework, used for name resolution and service discovery in IoT environments. Resolves names and services in proximity networks using a decentralized approach.

IoT device name resolution and service discovery

DNS (Domain Name System)

Core protocol that translates domain names to IP addresses on the internet. Hierarchical and distributed naming system.

Accessing websites, resolving hostnames in enterprise networks

DDNS (Dynamic DNS)

Extension of DNS that automatically updates records when IPs change. Useful for hosts with dynamic IP addresses.

Home networks, dynamic IP systems, remote access

LLMNR (Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution)

Allows name resolution for hosts on the same local network without a DNS server. Uses multicast over IPv4 or IPv6.

Peer-to-peer name resolution in small networks

mDNS (Multicast DNS)

Resolves hostnames to IPs in small networks without needing a DNS server. Used by Apple Bonjour and other zero-configuration systems.

Home/office network device discovery

NBNS (NetBIOS Name Service)

Resolves NetBIOS names to IP addresses in local networks. Used in legacy Windows environments.

Legacy file and print sharing

Main Features:

  • Part of the AllJoyn IoT framework

  • Decentralized name resolution and service discovery

  • Operates in proximity-based networks without central DNS

Use Cases:

  • Smart home or industrial IoT environments

  • Ad hoc device discovery and communication

  • Secure, local device resolution without DNS infrastructure

Alternative Protocols:

  • mDNS – Zero-configuration multicast resolution

  • LLMNR – Link-local resolution on IPv4/IPv6

Let us learn more about ALLJOYN-NS:

Jump to “ALLJoyn_NS”

RFCs: RFC 1034, RFC 1035

Main Features:

  • Distributed and hierarchical resolution system

  • Maps human-readable domain names to IP addresses

  • Supports caching, zone transfers, and recursive/iterative queries

Use Cases:

  • Resolving domains on the internet

  • Internal network resource mapping

  • Email routing and service discovery

Alternative Protocols:

  • DDNS – Dynamic record updates

  • NBNS – Legacy NetBIOS resolution

Let us learn more about DNS:

Jump to “DNS”

RFC: RFC 2136

Main Features:

  • Allows real-time updates of DNS entries

  • Integrates with DHCP for automatic IP resolution

  • Helps maintain consistent hostname mappings for dynamic clients

Use Cases:

  • Home/remote access where IPs change frequently

  • Dynamic cloud-based VM deployments

  • VPN and DNS automation

Alternative Protocols:

  • Static DNS – Manual updates

  • mDNS – For local dynamic discovery

Let us learn more about DDNS:

Jump to “DDNS”

RFC: RFC 4795

Main Features:

  • Peer-to-peer name resolution over local link

  • Uses multicast queries on IPv4 and IPv6

  • Works without DNS or DHCP servers

Use Cases:

  • Small networks and ad-hoc setups

  • Temporary networking scenarios (labs, conferences)

  • Environments with limited infrastructure

Alternative Protocols:

  • mDNS – Similar local multicast discovery

  • NBNS – Legacy broadcast resolution

Let us learn more about LLMNR:

Jump to “LLMNR”

RFC: RFC 6762

Main Features:

  • Resolves hostnames on local networks via multicast

  • Foundation for zero-configuration networking (Bonjour, Avahi)

  • No need for centralized DNS infrastructure

Use Cases:

  • Home/office device discovery

  • Smart TVs, printers, IoT gadgets

  • Network service advertisement (e.g., AirPlay, Chromecast)

Alternative Protocols:

  • LLMNR – Also multicast-based, but less commonly supported

  • NBNS – Broadcast-based for legacy Windows systems

Let us learn more about mDNS:

Jump to “mDNS”

RFC: RFC 1001, RFC 1002

Main Features:

  • Broadcast-based NetBIOS name resolution

  • Supports legacy Windows file/print sharing

  • Works with or without WINS servers

Use Cases:

  • Legacy networks with older Windows OS

  • SMB file sharing environments

  • Networks transitioning from NetBIOS to DNS

Alternative Protocols:

  • DNS – Modern, hierarchical resolution

  • LLMNR/mDNS – Local name resolution options

Let us learn more about NBNS:

Jump to “NBNS”