XMPP - Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol

What is XMPP?

XMPP stands for Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol. It is an open, XML-based communication protocol designed for real-time messaging, presence information, and structured data exchange between clients and servers.

Originally developed for instant messaging, XMPP has evolved to support a wide range of applications including IoT, VoIP, and social networking.

Why is XMPP useful?

  • Real-time communication – Ideal for chat, notifications, and presence updates.

  • Federated architecture – Like email, anyone can run their own XMPP server.

  • Extensible – Supports custom features via XMPP Extension Protocols (XEPs).

  • Secure – Uses TLS encryption and SASL authentication.

  • Decentralized – No central authority; promotes open and distributed communication.

How it works?

  • Client connects to XMPP server – Using TCP and negotiates TLS and authentication.

  • Authentication – Performed using SASL (Simple Authentication and Security Layer).

  • Session established – Client sends <presence/> to indicate availability.

  • Message exchange – Clients send XML stanzas (<message>, <presence>, <iq>) through the server.

  • Session ends – Client sends <presence type=’unavailable’/> and disconnects.

Where is XMPP used?

  • Instant messaging apps – Jabber, Conversations, and (formerly) Google Talk.

  • IoT communication – Lightweight, extensible, and efficient for device messaging.

  • Enterprise chat systems – Used in internal business communication.

  • Social networking – Presence/status updates and live interactions.

  • VoIP and video calls – Used as a signaling protocol in certain systems.

Which OSI layer does this protocol belong to?

  • XMPP operates at the Application Layer (Layer 7).

  • It provides stateful communication, manages sessions, and supports structured XML data exchange.

  • It is protocol-agnostic and can carry a wide range of data types.

Is XMPP Windows specific?

  • No, XMPP is not Windows-specific.

  • It is a cross-platform protocol supported on Windows, Linux, macOS, Android, iOS, and embedded systems.

Is XMPP Linux specific?

  • No, XMPP is not Linux-specific.

  • It runs across a variety of platforms and operating systems.

Which Transport Protocol is used by XMPP?

  • XMPP primarily uses Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).

  • It also supports:

  • TLS for encryption,

  • BOSH (XMPP over HTTP),

  • WebSockets for browser-based and firewall-friendly communication.

Which Port is used by XMPP?

Common XMPP ports: * Port 5222 – Client-to-server communication (with or without STARTTLS). * Port 5223 – Legacy SSL/TLS (deprecated in favor of STARTTLS). * Port 5269 – Server-to-server federation.

Is XMPP using the client-server model?

  • Yes, XMPP uses a client-server model.

  • Clients connect to an XMPP server, which:

  • Manages message delivery and presence updates,

  • Routes XML stanzas,

  • Federates with other servers for cross-domain communication.

Topics in this section,

  • In this section, you are going to learn

  • Terminology

  • Version Info

XMPP

RFC

Year

Core Idea / Contribution

Version

Version 1.0

RFC 3920 / RFC 3921

2004

Initial standardization of XMPP for instant messaging and presence. Defined XML streams, message routing, and presence handling.

Version1.0 (Revised)

RFC 6120 / RFC 6121

2011

Updated core and instant messaging/presence specifications. Improved stream management, security (TLS/SASL), and extensibility

Address Format Update

RFC 7622

2015

Defined the format and handling of XMPP addresses (JIDs), improving internationalization and consistency

  • setup

  • setup

Client Stream Header Packet

S.No

Protocol Packets

Description

Size(bytes)

1

Client Stream Header Packet

Sent by the client to initiate an XML stream

Variable

to the server.

(depends on

attributes)

<stream:stream>

Opening tag to initiate stream

Variable

to

Server domain

Variable

xmlns

XML namespace (usually jabber:client)

Variable

version

XMPP version (e.g., 1.0)

Variable

xml:lang

Language (optional)

Variable

Server Stream Header Packet

S.No

Protocol Packets

Description

Size(bytes)

2

Server Stream Header Packet

Sent by the server in response to the clients

Variable

stream initiation.

<stream:stream>

Opening tag from server

Variable

from

Server domain

Variable

id

Stream ID

Variable

version

XMPP version

Variable

xmlns

Namespace

Variable

SASL Authentication Packet

S.No

Protocol Packets

Description

Size(bytes)

3

SASL Authentication Packet

Sent by the client to authenticate using

Variable

SASL (e.g., PLAIN, SCRAM).

<auth>

SASL authentication element

Variable

mechanism

Authentication method (e.g., PLAIN)

Variable

xmlns

Namespace (urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xmpp-sasl)

Variable

Content

Encoded credentials

Variable

Resource Binding Packet

S.No

Protocol Packets

Description

Size(bytes)

4

Resource Binding Packet

Sent after authentication to bind a resource

Variable

to the session.

<iq>

IQ stanza with type=”set”

Variable

<bind>

Resource binding request

Variable

<resource>

Desired resource name (optional)

Variable

Presence Packet

S.No

Protocol Packets

Description

Size(bytes)

5

Presence Packet

Indicates client availability or status.

Variable

<presence>

Presence stanza

Variable

type

Optional (e.g., “unavailable”)

Variable

<show>

Optional (e.g., “away”, “dnd”)

Variable

<status>

Optional status message

Variable

<priority>

Optional priority value

Variable

Message Packet

S.No

Protocol Packets

Description

Size(bytes)

6

Message Packet

Used to send chat messages or notifications.

Variable

<message>

Message stanza

Variable

to

Recipient JID

Variable

type

Message type (e.g., “chat”, “groupchat”)

Variable

<body>

Message content

Variable

<subject>

Optional subject

Variable

<thread>

Optional thread ID

Variable

IQ Packet

S.No

Protocol Packets

Description

Size(bytes)

7

IQ Packet

Used for structured queries and responses

Variable

(e.g., roster, vCard).

s.no

Use Case

Description

1

Instant Messaging

Core use case for real-time chat between users, including presence and typing indicators.

2

Enterprise Communication

Used in internal messaging systems for secure and federated communication.

3

IoT Messaging

Lightweight and extensible, suitable for device-to-device communication in IoT networks.

4

Social Networking

Supports presence, status updates, and messaging in decentralized social platforms.

5

VoIP and Video Signaling

Used as a signaling protocol in systems like Jingle for initiating and managing calls.

6

Multi-User Chat (MUC)

Enables group chats with features like moderation, roles, and history.

7

Push Notifications

Delivers real-time alerts and updates to mobile and web clients.

8

Federated Communication

Allows communication across different servers, similar to email.

9

Gaming

Used for real-time messaging and presence in multiplayer games.

10

Secure Messaging Platforms

Forms the backbone of encrypted messaging apps like Conversations and Snikket.

S.no

Feature

Description

1

XML-Based Protocol

Uses XML stanzas for structured, extensible communication.

2

Real-Time Messaging

Enables instant message delivery with presence and status updates.

3

Presence Information

Allows users to broadcast availability (online, away, busy, etc.).

4

Federated Architecture

Like email, supports communication across different servers.

5

Extensibility via XEPs

Supports custom features through XMPP Extension Protocols (XEPs).

6

Security Support

Offers TLS for encryption and SASL for authentication.

7

Multi-User Chat (MUC)

Built-in support for group chats with roles and moderation.

8

Offline Messaging

Stores messages for delivery when the recipient comes online.

9

Push Notifications

Can integrate with mobile push services for alerts.

10

Cross-Platform Compatibility

Works across desktops, mobile devices, and embedded systems.

XML Based Protocol - Testcases

#

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

Valid XML Stanza

Send a well-formed XML stanza

Stanza parsed successfully

2

Malformed XML

Send XML with missing closing tag

Error returned

3

Nested XML Elements

Send stanza with nested elements

Elements parsed correctly

4

XML Namespace Declaration

Include valid XML namespace

Namespace recognized

5

Invalid Namespace

Use incorrect namespace format

Error returned

6

XML Attribute Parsing

Include attributes in XML stanza

Attributes parsed correctly

7

Special Characters in XML

Include &, <, > in XML content

Characters escaped properly

8

CDATA Section

Use CDATA to include raw text

CDATA parsed correctly

9

Unicode Characters in XML

Send XML with Unicode characters

Characters displayed correctly

10

XML Comment Handling

Include XML comments

Comments ignored during parsing

11

XML Schema Validation

Validate stanza against XMPP schema

Validation passed

12

Invalid XML Encoding

Use unsupported encoding

Error returned

13

XML with Empty Elements

Send stanza with empty elements

Parsed without error

14

XML with Large Payload

Send large XML content

Parsed successfully

15

XML with Whitespace Formatting

Include extra whitespace in XML

Whitespace ignored

16

XML with Line Breaks

Include line breaks in XML

Parsed correctly

17

XML with Multiple Namespaces

Use multiple namespaces in stanza

All namespaces recognized

18

XML with Invalid Characters

Include invalid XML characters

Error returned

19

XML with Entity References

Use entity references like &amp;

Parsed correctly

20

XML with Processing Instructions

Include XML processing instructions

Instructions ignored

21

XML with XML Declaration

Include <?xml version=”1.0”?>

Declaration parsed correctly

22

XML with UTF-8 Encoding

Use UTF-8 encoding

Parsed successfully

23

XML with UTF-16 Encoding

Use UTF-16 encoding

Parsed successfully

24

XML with Invalid Root Element

Use incorrect root element

Error returned

25

XML with Valid Root Element

Use <message>, <presence>, or <iq> as root

Parsed successfully

26

XML with Custom Extension

Include custom XML extension

Extension parsed

27

XML with XMPP Error Stanza

Send error stanza in XML

Error handled

28

XML with IQ Request

Send IQ get/set stanza

Response received

29

XML with Message Stanza

Send <message> stanza

Message delivered

30

XML with Presence Stanza

Send <presence> stanza

Presence updated

31

XML with Stream Start

Send stream start XML

Stream initiated

32

XML with Stream End

Send stream end XML

Stream closed

33

XML with TLS Negotiation

Include TLS negotiation XML

Secure stream established

34

XML with SASL Authentication

Include SASL XML stanza

Authentication successful

35

XML with Resource Binding

Include resource binding XML

Resource bound

36

XML with Session Establishment

Include session establishment XML

Session started

37

XML with Roster Retrieval

Include roster retrieval XML

Roster received

38

XML with Subscription Request

Include subscription XML stanza

Subscription confirmed

39

XML with Delivery Receipt Request

Include delivery receipt XML

Receipt received

40

XML with Read Receipt Request

Include read receipt XML

Read receipt received

41

XML with Ping Extension

Include ping XML stanza

Pong received

42

XML with Group Chat Message

Include group chat XML message

Message broadcasted

43

XML with Archive Retrieval

Include archive retrieval XML

Messages retrieved

44

XML with BOSH Binding

Include BOSH XML stanza

Connection established

45

XML with WebSocket Binding

Include WebSocket XML stanza

Connection established

46

XML with Reconnect Logic

Include reconnect XML stanza

Reconnection successful

47

XML with Timeout Simulation

Simulate timeout in XML stanza

Connection closed

48

XML with Server Restart

Send XML after server restart

Connection re-established

49

XML with Client Restart

Send XML after client restart

Connection re-established

50

XML Logging

Log XML stanzas during communication

Logs show correct XML format

Real Time Messaging - Testcases

#

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

Send Text Message

Send a basic text message

Message delivered instantly

2

Receive Text Message

Receive a basic text message

Message appears in real-time

3

Send Message While Offline

Send message while client is offline

Message queued and delivered on reconnect

4

Receive Message After Reconnect

Reconnect and receive missed messages

All messages received

5

Message Order

Send multiple messages in sequence

Messages received in correct order

6

Message Acknowledgment

Acknowledge message receipt

Sender sees delivery confirmation

7

Message Read Receipt

Mark message as read

Sender sees read status

8

Typing Indicator

Show typing status while composing message

Recipient sees “typing…” indicator

9

Presence Online

User comes online

Status updates to “online”

10

Presence Offline

User goes offline

Status updates to “offline”

11

Presence Away

User is idle for a period

Status updates to “away”

12

Presence Do Not Disturb

User sets DND mode

Status updates to “Do Not Disturb”

13

Group Messaging

Send message to group

All group members receive message

14

Broadcast Messaging

Send broadcast message

All users receive message

15

Message with Emoji

Send message with emoji

Emoji rendered correctly

16

Message with Attachment

Send message with file/image

Attachment delivered and accessible

17

Message with Link Preview

Send message with URL

Link preview generated

18

Message with Markdown

Send message with markdown formatting

Formatting rendered correctly

19

Message with Unicode

Send message with Unicode characters

Characters displayed correctly

20

Message with Special Characters

Send message with symbols and special characters

Characters displayed correctly

21

Message Delivery on Slow Network

Send message on high-latency connection

Message delivered with delay

22

Message Delivery on Mobile Data

Send message over mobile network

Message delivered

23

Message Delivery on Wi-Fi

Send message over Wi-Fi

Message delivered

24

Message Delivery on VPN

Send message over VPN

Message delivered

25

Message Delivery with Packet Loss

Simulate packet loss

Message retransmitted

26

Message Delivery with Retry

Retry sending failed message

Message eventually delivered

27

Message Delivery with Encryption

Send encrypted message

Message decrypted correctly

28

Message Delivery with Compression

Send compressed message

Message decompressed and displayed

29

Message Delivery with Delay

Simulate server delay

Message delivered after delay

30

Message Delivery with Timeout

Simulate timeout

Message marked as failed

31

Message Sync Across Devices

Send message from one device

Message appears on all devices

32

Message History

Retrieve past messages

History loaded correctly

33

Message Deletion

Delete sent message

Message removed from both ends

34

Message Edit

Edit sent message

Updated message displayed

35

Message Reaction

React to a message

Reaction displayed

36

Message Notification

Receive push notification for new message

Notification received

37

Message Notification Mute

Mute notifications

No notification received

38

Message Notification Custom Sound

Set custom notification sound

Custom sound played

39

Message with Location

Send location in message

Location rendered on map

40

Message with Contact Card

Send contact card

Contact details displayed

41

Message with Voice Note

Send voice message

Audio playable

42

Message with Video

Send video message

Video playable

43

Message with Status Update

Send message with status change

Status updated in real-time

44

Message with Mention

Mention user in group message

Mention highlighted

45

Message with Thread

Reply to a message in thread

Threaded view displayed

46

Message with Quote

Quote previous message

Quoted message shown

47

Message with Forward

Forward message to another user

Message delivered to new recipient

48

Message with Star/Pin

Star or pin important message

Message marked accordingly

49

Message with Expiry

Send message with expiry time

Message auto-deletes after expiry

50

Message with Delivery Report

Request delivery report

Report shows delivery status

Presence Information - Testcases

#

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

Send Available Presence

Send <presence> stanza with status “available”

Presence shown as online

2

Send Away Presence

Send <presence> stanza with status “away”

Presence shown as away

3

Send Busy Presence

Send <presence> stanza with status “dnd” (do not disturb)

Presence shown as busy

4

Send Offline Presence

Send <presence> stanza with type “unavailable”

Presence shown as offline

5

Receive Presence Update

Receive presence stanza from contact

UI updates contact status

6

Broadcast Presence to All

Send presence to all contacts

All contacts receive update

7

Presence with Status Message

Include custom status message in presence

Message displayed to contacts

8

Presence with Priority

Include priority value in presence

Priority respected in routing

9

Presence with Invalid Type

Send presence with invalid type

Error returned

10

Presence with Invalid Show Value

Use unsupported show value

Ignored or error returned

11

Presence Subscription Request

Send subscription request to contact

Contact receives request

12

Presence Subscription Approval

Approve subscription request

Subscription confirmed

13

Presence Subscription Denial

Deny subscription request

Subscription rejected

14

Presence Unsubscribe Request

Send unsubscribe request

Contact removed from roster

15

Presence Probe

Send presence probe to contact

Contact responds with current presence

16

Presence on Login

Send presence automatically on login

Presence broadcasted

17

Presence on Logout

Send unavailable presence on logout

Presence updated to offline

18

Presence on Timeout

Send unavailable presence on timeout

Presence updated to offline

19

Presence on Disconnect

Send unavailable presence on disconnect

Presence updated to offline

20

Presence with Multiple Resources

Send presence from multiple devices

All resources show correct status

21

Presence Priority Conflict

Resolve conflict using priority values

Highest priority resource selected

22

Presence with Custom XML Extension

Include custom XML in presence stanza

Extension parsed correctly

23

Presence with Unicode Status

Use Unicode characters in status message

Displayed correctly

24

Presence with HTML Status

Include HTML in status message

HTML ignored or sanitized

25

Presence with Long Status Message

Send long status message

Message truncated or displayed fully

26

Presence with Empty Status

Send presence with no status message

Default status shown

27

Presence with Invalid XML

Send malformed XML in presence stanza

Error returned

28

Presence with Timestamp

Include timestamp in presence stanza

Timestamp parsed correctly

29

Presence with Location Info

Include location data in presence

Location displayed if supported

30

Presence with Mood Info

Include mood extension in presence

Mood displayed if supported

31

Presence with Activity Info

Include activity extension in presence

Activity displayed if supported

32

Presence with Avatar Info

Include avatar hash in presence

Avatar updated

33

Presence with Device Info

Include device info in presence

Device recognized

34

Presence with Network Info

Include network type in presence

Network info parsed

35

Presence with Custom Show Value

Use custom show value

Ignored or displayed as-is

36

Presence with Invalid Priority

Use non-numeric priority

Error returned

37

Presence with Negative Priority

Use negative priority value

Priority respected

38

Presence with High Priority

Use high priority value

Priority respected

39

Presence with Duplicate Stanza

Send duplicate presence stanzas

Last one overrides previous

40

Presence with Delayed Delivery

Simulate delayed presence delivery

Presence eventually updated

41

Presence with Packet Loss

Simulate packet loss during presence broadcast

Presence not received

42

Presence with Reconnect Logic

Reconnect and resend presence after failure

Presence updated

43

Presence with Logging Enabled

Log presence stanzas

Logs show correct sequence

44

Presence with Monitoring Tool

Monitor presence using external tool

Presence visible in tool

45

Presence with Server Restart

Send presence after server restart

Presence re-broadcasted

46

Presence with Client Restart

Send presence after client restart

Presence re-broadcasted

47

Presence with BOSH Binding

Send presence over BOSH

Presence delivered

48

Presence with WebSocket Binding

Send presence over WebSocket

Presence delivered

49

Presence with Group Chat Join

Send presence to group chat room

Room members see presence

50

Presence with Group Chat Leave

Send unavailable presence to group chat room

Room members see departure

Federated Architecture - Testcases

#

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

Send Available Presence

Send <presence> stanza with status “available”

Presence shown as online

2

Send Away Presence

Send <presence> stanza with status “away”

Presence shown as away

3

Send Busy Presence

Send <presence> stanza with status “dnd”

Presence shown as busy

4

Send Offline Presence

Send <presence> stanza with type “unavailable”

Presence shown as offline

5

Receive Presence Update

Receive presence stanza from contact

UI updates contact status

6

Broadcast Presence to All

Send presence to all contacts

All contacts receive update

7

Presence with Status Message

Include custom status message in presence

Message displayed to contacts

8

Presence with Priority

Include priority value in presence

Priority respected in routing

9

Presence with Invalid Type

Send presence with invalid type

Error returned

10

Presence with Invalid Show Value

Use unsupported show value

Ignored or error returned

11

Presence Subscription Request

Send subscription request to contact

Contact receives request

12

Presence Subscription Approval

Approve subscription request

Subscription confirmed

13

Presence Subscription Denial

Deny subscription request

Subscription rejected

14

Presence Unsubscribe Request

Send unsubscribe request

Contact removed from roster

15

Presence Probe

Send presence probe to contact

Contact responds with current presence

16

Presence on Login

Send presence automatically on login

Presence broadcasted

17

Presence on Logout

Send unavailable presence on logout

Presence updated to offline

18

Presence on Timeout

Send unavailable presence on timeout

Presence updated to offline

19

Presence on Disconnect

Send unavailable presence on disconnect

Presence updated to offline

20

Presence with Multiple Resources

Send presence from multiple devices

All resources show correct status

21

Presence Priority Conflict

Resolve conflict using priority values

Highest priority resource selected

22

Presence with Custom XML Extension

Include custom XML in presence stanza

Extension parsed correctly

23

Presence with Unicode Status

Use Unicode characters in status message

Displayed correctly

24

Presence with HTML Status

Include HTML in status message

HTML ignored or sanitized

25

Presence with Long Status Message

Send long status message

Message truncated or displayed fully

26

Presence with Empty Status

Send presence with no status message

Default status shown

27

Presence with Invalid XML

Send malformed XML in presence stanza

Error returned

28

Presence with Timestamp

Include timestamp in presence stanza

Timestamp parsed correctly

29

Presence with Location Info

Include location data in presence

Location displayed if supported

30

Presence with Mood Info

Include mood extension in presence

Mood displayed if supported

31

Presence with Activity Info

Include activity extension in presence

Activity displayed if supported

32

Presence with Avatar Info

Include avatar hash in presence

Avatar updated

33

Presence with Device Info

Include device info in presence

Device recognized

34

Presence with Network Info

Include network type in presence

Network info parsed

35

Presence with Custom Show Value

Use custom show value

Ignored or displayed as-is

36

Presence with Invalid Priority

Use non-numeric priority

Error returned

37

Presence with Negative Priority

Use negative priority value

Priority respected

38

Presence with High Priority

Use high priority value

Priority respected

39

Presence with Duplicate Stanza

Send duplicate presence stanzas

Last one overrides previous

40

Presence with Delayed Delivery

Simulate delayed presence delivery

Presence eventually updated

41

Presence with Packet Loss

Simulate packet loss during presence broadcast

Presence not received

42

Presence with Reconnect Logic

Reconnect and resend presence after failure

Presence updated

43

Presence with Logging Enabled

Log presence stanzas

Logs show correct sequence

44

Presence with Monitoring Tool

Monitor presence using external tool

Presence visible in tool

45

Presence with Server Restart

Send presence after server restart

Presence re-broadcasted

46

Presence with Client Restart

Send presence after client restart

Presence re-broadcasted

47

Presence with BOSH Binding

Send presence over BOSH

Presence delivered

48

Presence with WebSocket Binding

Send presence over WebSocket

Presence delivered

49

Presence with Group Chat Join

Send presence to group chat room

Room members see presence

50

Presence with Group Chat Leave

Send unavailable presence to group chat room

Room members see departure

Extensiblity via XEPs - Testcases

#

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

Load Supported XEPs

Retrieve list of supported XEPs from server

List of XEPs returned

2

Use XEP-0085 (Chat State Notifications)

Send chat state (e.g., composing, paused)

State displayed to recipient

3

Use XEP-0184 (Message Delivery Receipts)

Request and receive delivery receipt

Receipt received on delivery

4

Use XEP-0280 (Message Carbons)

Enable message carbons for multi-device sync

Messages synced across devices

5

Use XEP-0313 (Message Archive Mgmt)

Query archived messages

Archived messages retrieved

6

Use XEP-0045 (Multi-User Chat)

Join and interact in group chat

Group chat functions correctly

7

Use XEP-0060 (PubSub)

Publish and subscribe to nodes

Events published and received

8

Use XEP-0363 (HTTP File Upload)

Upload file via HTTP

File uploaded and link shared

9

Use XEP-0077 (In-Band Registration)

Register new account via XMPP client

Account created successfully

10

Use XEP-0191 (Blocking Command)

Block a contact

Contact blocked and cannot send messages

11

Use XEP-0352 (Client State Indication)

Indicate client active/inactive state

Server adjusts traffic accordingly

12

Use XEP-0357 (Push Notifications)

Enable push notifications

Notifications received on mobile

13

Use XEP-0424 (Message Retraction)

Retract a previously sent message

Message removed from recipient’s view

14

Use XEP-0428 (Stanza Content Encryption)

Send encrypted stanza

Stanza decrypted correctly by recipient

15

Use XEP-0384 (OMEMO Encryption)

Send end-to-end encrypted message

Message decrypted only by intended recipient

16

Use XEP-0398 (User Avatar to vCard)

Sync avatar with vCard

Avatar updated across clients

17

Use XEP-0156 (Server Discovery)

Discover alternate connection methods

Alternate methods listed

18

Use XEP-0054 (vCard-temp)

Retrieve user profile information

vCard data displayed

19

Use XEP-0092 (Software Version)

Query client software version

Version info returned

20

Use XEP-0012 (Last Activity)

Query last activity of a contact

Last active time returned

21

Use XEP-0199 (XMPP Ping)

Ping server or contact

Pong response received

22

Use XEP-0203 (Delayed Delivery)

Handle delayed message with timestamp

Message shown with correct timestamp

23

Use XEP-0172 (User Nickname)

Set and display user nickname

Nickname shown in UI

24

Use XEP-0048 (Bookmarks)

Save and retrieve chat room bookmarks

Bookmarks persist across sessions

25

Use XEP-0380 (Explicit Message Encryption)

Send explicitly encrypted message

Message decrypted correctly

26

Use XEP-0422 (Message Fastening)

Attach metadata to messages

Metadata displayed correctly

27

Use XEP-0425 (Message Moderation)

Moderate messages in group chat

Moderation actions enforced

28

Use XEP-0410 (MUC Self-Ping)

Detect ghost presence in group chat

Ghost presence resolved

29

Use XEP-0402 (Bookmarks Conversion)

Convert legacy bookmarks to new format

Bookmarks migrated successfully

30

Use Custom XEP

Implement and test a custom extension

Custom feature works as intended

31

Use XEP-0369 (MIX - Modern Group Chat)

Join a MIX-enabled group chat

Messages and presence handled correctly

32

Use XEP-0421 (Anonymous Usage Stats)

Send anonymous usage statistics

Stats sent and acknowledged

33

Use XEP-0400 (Quick Response)

Send quick reply options in messages

Recipient sees and selects options

34

Use XEP-0382 (Spoiler Messages)

Send message with spoiler tag

Spoiler hidden until revealed

35

Use XEP-0377 (Spam Reporting)

Report spam message

Report acknowledged

36

Use XEP-0373 (OpenPGP for XMPP)

Send OpenPGP encrypted message

Message decrypted by recipient

37

Use XEP-0374 (OpenPGP for XMPP: Instant Messaging)

Send OpenPGP IM message

Message securely delivered

38

Use XEP-0368 (SRV records for XMPP over TLS)

Connect using direct TLS via SRV records

Connection established

39

Use XEP-0359 (Stanza IDs)

Assign unique IDs to stanzas

IDs used for tracking and receipts

40

Use XEP-0346 (Form Discovery and Publishing)

Discover and fill out forms

Form submitted successfully

41

Use XEP-0343 (Signaling WebRTC)

Initiate WebRTC call via XMPP

Call setup initiated

42

Use XEP-0334 (Message Processing Hints)

Add hints like “no-store”, “no-copy”

Hints respected by server

43

Use XEP-0329 (File Info Sharing)

Share file metadata

Metadata displayed correctly

44

Use XEP-0317 (Hats in MUC)

Assign roles or hats in group chat

Hats displayed in room

45

Use XEP-0308 (Last Message Correction)

Correct a previously sent message

Message updated in UI

46

Use XEP-0297 (Stanza Forwarding)

Forward a message with original metadata

Metadata preserved

47

Use XEP-0292 (vCard4 Over XMPP)

Use vCard4 format for profile

Profile displayed correctly

48

Use XEP-0277 (Microblogging over XMPP)

Post microblog entry

Entry published to followers

49

Use XEP-0258 (Security Labels)

Add security classification to messages

Labels displayed and enforced

50

Use XEP-0249 (Direct MUC Invitations)

Invite user to group chat via direct message

User receives and joins room

Security Support - Testcases

#

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

TLS Handshake Success

Establish TLS connection with valid certificate

Secure connection established

2

TLS Handshake Failure

Attempt TLS with invalid certificate

Connection rejected

3

TLS with Self-Signed Certificate

Connect using self-signed certificate

Warning or rejection based on policy

4

TLS with Expired Certificate

Connect using expired certificate

Connection rejected

5

TLS with Revoked Certificate

Connect using revoked certificate

Connection rejected

6

TLS with Weak Cipher Suite

Attempt connection with deprecated cipher

Connection rejected or downgraded

7

TLS with Strong Cipher Suite

Use modern, secure cipher suite

Connection accepted

8

TLS Version Negotiation

Negotiate highest supported TLS version

TLS 1.3 or 1.2 used

9

TLS Downgrade Attack Prevention

Attempt downgrade to older TLS version

Downgrade prevented

10

TLS Session Resumption

Reconnect using session resumption

Session resumed securely

11

SASL PLAIN Authentication

Authenticate using SASL PLAIN

Login successful over TLS

12

SASL SCRAM-SHA-1 Authentication

Authenticate using SCRAM-SHA-1

Login successful

13

SASL SCRAM-SHA-256 Authentication

Authenticate using SCRAM-SHA-256

Login successful

14

SASL EXTERNAL Authentication

Authenticate using client certificate

Login successful

15

SASL Anonymous Authentication

Attempt anonymous login

Access granted with limited permissions

16

SASL Failure Handling

Provide wrong credentials

Authentication fails

17

SASL Mechanism Negotiation

Server offers supported mechanisms

Client selects compatible method

18

SASL Replay Attack Prevention

Replay old authentication message

Authentication rejected

19

SASL Channel Binding

Use channel binding with TLS

Authentication succeeds with binding

20

Encrypted Message Transmission

Send message over TLS

Message encrypted in transit

21

Encrypted File Transfer

Transfer file over TLS

File encrypted in transit

22

Encrypted Presence Updates

Send presence over TLS

Presence encrypted

23

Encrypted Group Chat

Join group chat over TLS

Messages encrypted

24

Certificate Pinning

Use pinned certificate

Connection accepted only if match

25

Certificate Chain Validation

Validate full certificate chain

Connection accepted if valid

26

Mutual TLS Authentication

Require client certificate

Connection succeeds with valid cert

27

SASL Authentication Logging

Log authentication attempts

Logs show correct status

28

TLS Certificate Rotation

Rotate server certificate

Clients reconnect successfully

29

TLS with DNSSEC

Use DNSSEC to verify server identity

Connection verified

30

SASL with OAuth2

Authenticate using OAuth2 token

Login successful

31

SASL with JWT

Authenticate using JSON Web Token

Login successful

32

SASL with Kerberos

Authenticate using Kerberos

Login successful

33

SASL with GSSAPI

Authenticate using GSSAPI

Login successful

34

SASL with SAML

Authenticate using SAML assertion

Login successful

35

TLS Certificate Expiry Warning

Notify admin before cert expiry

Alert generated

36

TLS with OCSP Stapling

Validate certificate revocation via OCSP

OCSP response verified

37

TLS with HSTS

Enforce HTTPS-only connections

Insecure connections blocked

38

SASL Brute Force Protection

Detect repeated failed logins

IP temporarily blocked

39

SASL Rate Limiting

Limit login attempts per user/IP

Excess attempts delayed or blocked

40

TLS with Perfect Forward Secrecy

Use ephemeral keys for session encryption

Session keys not reused

41

SASL with Multi-Factor Authentication

Require second factor during login

MFA enforced

42

TLS with Client Fingerprint Verification

Match client TLS fingerprint

Connection accepted if match

43

SASL with Account Lockout

Lock account after repeated failures

Login blocked temporarily

44

TLS with IPv6

Establish TLS connection over IPv6

Secure connection established

45

SASL with Federated Identity Provider

Authenticate via external IdP

Login successful

46

TLS with SNI (Server Name Indication)

Use SNI to select correct certificate

Correct cert served

47

TLS with ALPN (Protocol Negotiation)

Negotiate protocol (e.g., XMPP, HTTP)

Correct protocol selected

48

SASL with Session Timeout

Expire session after inactivity

Re-authentication required

49

TLS with Compression Disabled

Ensure compression is disabled (CRIME prevention)

Compression not used

50

TLS with Logging and Audit Trail

Log TLS session details securely

Logs available for audit

Multiuser chat - Testcases

#

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

Create MUC Room

Create a new group chat room

Room created successfully

2

Join MUC Room

Join an existing MUC room

User joins room and sees messages

3

Leave MUC Room

Leave a MUC room

User exits room and presence is updated

4

Send Message in MUC

Send message to group chat

Message visible to all participants

5

Receive Message in MUC

Receive message from another participant

Message displayed in chat window

6

Set Room Subject

Change the subject/topic of the room

Subject updated for all users

7

Assign Moderator Role

Grant moderator role to a participant

User gains moderator privileges

8

Revoke Moderator Role

Remove moderator role from a participant

User loses moderator privileges

9

Assign Admin Role

Grant admin role to a participant

User gains admin privileges

10

Ban User from Room

Ban a user from the room

User is removed and cannot rejoin

11

Kick User from Room

Kick a user from the room

User is removed but can rejoin

12

Set Room to Members-Only

Restrict room to approved members

Only members can join

13

Invite User to Room

Send invitation to join room

User receives and accepts invitation

14

Decline Room Invitation

Decline an invitation

Invitation marked as declined

15

Set Room to Persistent

Make room persistent across server restarts

Room remains available

16

Set Room to Temporary

Make room temporary

Room deleted after last user leaves

17

Enable Room Logging

Enable message archiving

Messages logged on server

18

Disable Room Logging

Disable message archiving

Messages not stored

19

Enable Room Password

Set a password for room entry

Only users with password can join

20

Change Room Password

Update room password

New password required for entry

21

Join Room with Password

Join password-protected room

Access granted with correct password

22

Join Room with Wrong Password

Attempt to join with incorrect password

Access denied

23

Set Room to Public

Make room discoverable

Room appears in search results

24

Set Room to Hidden

Hide room from discovery

Room not listed in search

25

Discover Available Rooms

Query server for public rooms

List of rooms returned

26

Change User Nickname

Change nickname in room

Nickname updated

27

Prevent Nickname Change

Restrict nickname changes

Change denied

28

Set Room to Moderated

Only moderators can speak

Non-moderators cannot send messages

29

Set Room to Unmoderated

All users can speak

Messages allowed from all participants

30

Enable Voice Request

Require voice request to speak

Users must request permission

31

Grant Voice to User

Allow user to speak in moderated room

User can send messages

32

Revoke Voice from User

Remove speaking privileges

User cannot send messages

33

Enable Room History

Show message history to new users

History visible on join

34

Disable Room History

Hide message history from new users

No history shown

35

Set Max Users Limit

Limit number of participants

New joins blocked after limit

36

Exceed Max Users Limit

Attempt to join full room

Access denied

37

Enable Room Configuration Form

Allow room settings to be edited

Form available to admins

38

Submit Room Configuration

Change room settings via form

Settings updated

39

Lock Room

Prevent new users from joining temporarily

Join requests denied

40

Unlock Room

Allow new users to join again

Join requests accepted

41

Set Room Language

Define default language for room

Language tag applied

42

Send Private Message in MUC

Send private message to participant

Message delivered privately

43

Block Private Messages in MUC

Prevent private messaging

Messages blocked

44

Enable Room Notifications

Notify users of new messages

Notifications received

45

Disable Room Notifications

Mute room notifications

No alerts shown

46

Rejoin Room After Disconnect

Automatically rejoin after reconnect

User rejoins room

47

Room Presence Updates

Receive presence updates of participants

UI reflects join/leave events

48

Room Role Persistence

Retain roles across sessions

Roles restored on rejoin

49

Room Affiliation Management

Manage affiliations (owner, admin, member)

Affiliations updated

50

Room Message Rate Limiting

Limit message rate per user

Excess messages throttled

offline messaging - Testcases

#

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

Send Message to Offline User

Send message while recipient is offline

Message stored on server

2

Receive Message After Login

Recipient logs in after being offline

Stored message delivered

3

Multiple Messages to Offline User

Send multiple messages while user is offline

All messages delivered in order

4

Offline Message with Timestamp

Include timestamp in stored message

Timestamp preserved

5

Offline Message with Delay Tag

Use XEP-0203 delay tag

Delay tag parsed correctly

6

Offline Message with Unicode

Send message with Unicode characters

Message displayed correctly

7

Offline Message with HTML Content

Send message with HTML formatting

HTML sanitized or rendered

8

Offline Message with Attachments

Send file or media while recipient is offline

File delivered after login

9

Offline Message with Encryption

Send encrypted message while offline

Message decrypted after delivery

10

Offline Message with OMEMO

Use OMEMO encryption for offline message

Message decrypted on supported client

11

Offline Message with PGP

Use PGP encryption for offline message

Message decrypted after login

12

Offline Message with Priority

Assign priority to offline message

Priority respected in delivery

13

Offline Message with Expiry

Set expiry time for offline message

Message discarded if expired

14

Offline Message to Multiple Recipients

Send to multiple offline users

All receive messages after login

15

Offline Message to Group Chat

Send message to MUC while offline

Message not delivered (MUC doesn’t store offline)

16

Offline Message to Federated Domain

Send message to user on another server

Message stored and forwarded

17

Offline Message from Federated Domain

Receive message from another server while offline

Message delivered after login

18

Offline Message with Presence Change

Send message just before user logs in

Message still delivered

19

Offline Message with Roster Update

Send message during roster change

Message delivered correctly

20

Offline Message with Status Message

Include status or mood in message

Status displayed if supported

21

Offline Message with Custom Extension

Include custom XML in message

Extension parsed or ignored

22

Offline Message with Invalid XML

Send malformed message

Error logged or message discarded

23

Offline Message with Logging Enabled

Log offline message on server

Message appears in logs

24

Offline Message with Delivery Receipt

Request delivery receipt

Receipt sent after delivery

25

Offline Message with Read Receipt

Request read receipt

Receipt sent after user reads

26

Offline Message with Message ID

Assign unique ID to message

ID preserved and trackable

27

Offline Message with Duplicate ID

Send duplicate message ID

Duplicate ignored or flagged

28

Offline Message with Server Restart

Server restarts before delivery

Message still delivered

29

Offline Message with Client Restart

Client restarts before receiving message

Message delivered after reconnect

30

Offline Message with Network Failure

Network drops during send

Message stored and retried

31

Offline Message with Storage Quota

Exceed server storage quota

Message rejected or delayed

32

Offline Message with Large Payload

Send large message while offline

Message stored or truncated

33

Offline Message with Rate Limiting

Send many messages quickly

Rate limits enforced

34

Offline Message with Spam Detection

Send spam-like message

Message flagged or blocked

35

Offline Message with Account Suspension

Send to suspended account

Message rejected

36

Offline Message with Account Deletion

Send to deleted account

Message discarded

37

Offline Message with Presence Probe

Probe presence before sending

Message stored if offline

38

Offline Message with Auto-Reply

Receive auto-reply from offline user

Auto-reply sent if configured

39

Offline Message with Push Notification

Trigger push notification

Notification sent to device

40

Offline Message with Message Archive

Store message in archive (XEP-0313)

Message retrievable from archive

41

Offline Message with Message Carbons

Sync message to all devices

Message delivered to all devices after login

42

Offline Message with Message Fastening

Attach metadata to offline message

Metadata preserved

43

Offline Message with Spoiler Tag

Send spoiler message

Spoiler hidden until revealed

44

Offline Message with Quick Reply Options

Include quick reply buttons

Options shown after login

45

Offline Message with Nickname Change

Send message after nickname change

Message delivered with updated nickname

46

Offline Message with Avatar Update

Send message after avatar change

Avatar shown correctly

47

Offline Message with Timezone Info

Include sender timezone

Timezone displayed if supported

48

Offline Message with Language Tag

Include language tag in message

Language displayed correctly

49

Offline Message with Server Policy Change

Change server policy during offline period

Message handled per new policy

50

Offline Message with Delayed Delivery

Simulate delayed delivery

Message eventually delivered

Push Notifications - Testcases

#

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

Register Device for Push

Register mobile device with push service

Device token stored

2

Unregister Device

Remove device from push service

Token deleted

3

Send Push Notification

Trigger push for incoming message

Notification received on device

4

Push on Message Delivery

Send push when message is delivered

Notification triggered

5

Push on Message Receipt

Send push when message is read

Notification triggered

6

Push on Presence Change

Notify when contact comes online

Notification received

7

Push on Group Chat Mention

Notify when user is mentioned in group chat

Mention notification received

8

Push on Direct Mention

Notify when user is mentioned in direct message

Notification received

9

Push on File Transfer

Notify when file is received

Notification includes file info

10

Push on Offline Message

Notify when offline message is delivered

Notification triggered

11

Push with Message Preview

Include message snippet in notification

Preview displayed

12

Push with Sender Info

Include sender name in notification

Sender shown

13

Push with Custom Sound

Use custom sound for notification

Sound played

14

Push with Badge Count

Update app badge count

Badge updated

15

Push with Silent Mode

Send silent notification

No alert shown, app updated

16

Push with Priority

Send high-priority notification

Notification shown immediately

17

Push with Expiry Time

Set expiry time for notification

Notification discarded if expired

18

Push with Localization

Send localized message

Message shown in correct language

19

Push with Action Buttons

Include reply or open buttons

Buttons functional

20

Push with Rich Media

Include image or media in notification

Media displayed

21

Push with Encryption

Encrypt notification payload

Decrypted on client

22

Push with Token Rotation

Rotate device token

New token registered

23

Push with Invalid Token

Send push to invalid token

Error logged

24

Push with Expired Token

Send push to expired token

Notification not delivered

25

Push with Multiple Devices

Send push to all registered devices

All devices receive notification

26

Push with Device Filtering

Send push to specific device

Only selected device receives

27

Push with App in Background

App is in background

Notification shown

28

Push with App in Foreground

App is active

Notification handled silently

29

Push with App Closed

App is not running

Notification wakes app

30

Push with Network Delay

Simulate network delay

Notification eventually received

31

Push with Packet Loss

Simulate packet loss

Notification retried

32

Push with Server Restart

Restart server before push

Notification still delivered

33

Push with Client Restart

Restart client before push

Notification received after restart

34

Push with Logging Enabled

Log push events

Logs show correct sequence

35

Push with Monitoring Tool

Monitor push delivery externally

Delivery confirmed

36

Push with Delivery Receipt

Confirm push delivery

Receipt logged

37

Push with Read Receipt

Confirm notification read

Read status updated

38

Push with Retry Logic

Retry failed push

Notification eventually delivered

39

Push with Rate Limiting

Limit number of pushes per user

Excess pushes throttled

40

Push with Throttling

Throttle push during high load

Notifications delayed but delivered

41

Push with Do Not Disturb Mode

User has DND enabled

Notification suppressed

42

Push with Time-Based Rules

Send push only during specific hours

Notification sent within allowed time

43

Push with Location-Based Rules

Send push based on user location

Notification sent if location matches

44

Push with Federated Server

Send push from federated domain

Notification delivered across domains

45

Push with Federated Client

Receive push on federated client

Notification received

46

Push with Token Expiry Notification

Notify user of token expiry

Alert shown

47

Push with App Update

Send push after app update

Notification received

48

Push with OS-Level Restrictions

Handle OS restrictions (e.g., battery saver)

Notification delivered or queued

49

Push with User Preferences

Respect user notification settings

Notification sent or suppressed

50

Push with Server Policy Change

Change push policy during session

Notification handled per new policy

cross platform compatibility - Testcases

#

Test Case

Description

Expected Result

1

Login on Desktop

Authenticate on desktop client

Login successful

2

Login on Mobile

Authenticate on mobile app

Login successful

3

Login on Embedded Device

Authenticate on embedded system (e.g., IoT)

Login successful

4

Send Message from Desktop

Send message from desktop

Message delivered to all devices

5

Send Message from Mobile

Send message from mobile

Message delivered to all devices

6

Send Message from Embedded Device

Send message from embedded system

Message delivered to all devices

7

Receive Message on Desktop

Receive message on desktop

Message displayed correctly

8

Receive Message on Mobile

Receive message on mobile

Message displayed correctly

9

Receive Message on Embedded Device

Receive message on embedded system

Message displayed or logged

10

Presence Sync Across Devices

Update presence on one device

Reflected on all devices

11

Roster Sync Across Devices

Update contact list on one device

Synced across all platforms

12

Group Chat on Desktop

Join and participate in MUC on desktop

Full functionality available

13

Group Chat on Mobile

Join and participate in MUC on mobile

Full functionality available

14

Group Chat on Embedded Device

Join MUC from embedded system

Basic participation supported

15

File Transfer on Desktop

Send/receive file

File handled correctly

16

File Transfer on Mobile

Send/receive file

File handled correctly

17

File Transfer on Embedded Device

Send/receive file

File handled or logged

18

Push Notification on Mobile

Receive push alert

Notification received

19

Message Archive Access on Desktop

Access archived messages

Archive displayed

20

Message Archive Access on Mobile

Access archived messages

Archive displayed

21

Message Archive Access on Embedded Device

Access archived messages

Archive accessible or limited

22

Encryption Support on Desktop

Send encrypted message

Message decrypted correctly

23

Encryption Support on Mobile

Send encrypted message

Message decrypted correctly

24

Encryption Support on Embedded Device

Send encrypted message

Message decrypted or logged

25

UI Consistency Across Platforms

Compare UI elements

Consistent experience

26

Theme Support Across Platforms

Apply dark/light theme

Theme applied correctly

27

Language Localization

Use localized UI

Language displayed correctly

28

Emoji Support

Send/receive emojis

Emojis rendered correctly

29

Notification Settings Sync

Change notification settings on one device

Synced across devices

30

Multi-Device Login

Login from multiple platforms

Sessions maintained

31

Session Timeout Handling

Handle session expiry

Re-authentication required

32

Reconnect Logic on Desktop

Reconnect after network loss

Session restored

33

Reconnect Logic on Mobile

Reconnect after app backgrounding

Session restored

34

Reconnect Logic on Embedded Device

Reconnect after disconnection

Session restored

35

Offline Message Delivery on Desktop

Receive stored messages after login

Messages delivered

36

Offline Message Delivery on Mobile

Receive stored messages after login

Messages delivered

37

Offline Message Delivery on Embedded

Receive stored messages after login

Messages delivered or logged

38

Presence Probe from Embedded Device

Probe contact presence

Presence info received

39

Voice/Video Call on Desktop

Initiate and receive call

Call connected

40

Voice/Video Call on Mobile

Initiate and receive call

Call connected

41

Voice/Video Call on Embedded Device

Attempt call

Call supported or gracefully rejected

42

Custom Extension Support

Use XEP extension

Parsed and handled correctly

43

Device Info Reporting

Report device type in presence

Info displayed correctly

44

Network Type Detection

Detect and report network type

Info logged or displayed

45

Battery Optimization Handling

Handle OS-level battery restrictions

App remains functional

46

Background Sync on Mobile

Sync messages while app is backgrounded

Messages received

47

App Update Compatibility

Update app and retain session

Session restored

48

OS Version Compatibility

Run on different OS versions

App functions correctly

49

Accessibility Support

Use screen reader or accessibility tools

App accessible

50

Performance Benchmarking

Measure performance across platforms

Acceptable latency and resource usage

  • Reference links