EAP-EKE

What is Expansion of EAP‑EKE?

EAP‑EKE stands for Extensible Authentication Protocol – Encrypted Key Exchange. It is an EAP method based on the Encrypted Key Exchange (EKE) protocol, enabling mutual authentication and key exchange using a shared password.

What is EAP‑EKE?

EAP‑EKE is an EAP authentication method that performs a password-authenticated key exchange (PAKE), providing mutual authentication using a short, human-memorable password without relying on certificates.

Why is EAP‑EKE useful?

Enables mutual authentication using only a shared password.
Resistant to dictionary attacks, even with weak passwords.
Does not require public-key certificates, simplifying deployments.

How it works?

Identity exchange: Peer and server exchange identities and negotiate cryptographic algorithms.
Commit exchange: Each side generates ephemeral values and exchanges encrypted commitments based on the shared password.
Confirm exchange: Both parties prove knowledge of the password and liveness, then derive a shared secret.

Where is EAP‑EKE used?

In Wi‑Fi (802.1X / WPA‑Enterprise) environments where password-based mutual authentication is needed and certificate infrastructure is not available.
In networks using RADIUS for centralized authentication.

Which OSI layer does this protocol belong to?

EAP‑EKE operates at the Application Layer (Layer 7), although it is transported via the EAP framework over lower-layer protocols such as 802.1X or RADIUS.

Is EAP‑EKE Windows specific?

No. EAP‑EKE is not Windows-specific. It is a general EAP method, though support depends on platform and supplicant implementations.

Is EAP‑EKE Linux specific?

No. It is not Linux-specific, although implementations like hostapd and wpa_supplicant can provide support on Linux systems.

Which Transport Protocol is used by EAP‑EKE?

EAP‑EKE uses the EAP framework (RFC 3748), typically carried over IEEE 802.1X EAPOL for Wi‑Fi, and RADIUS (via UDP) in the backend.

Which Port is used by EAP‑EKE?

There is no dedicated port for EAP‑EKE. When used with RADIUS, UDP port 1812 is used for authentication messages.

Is EAP‑EKE using Client‑server model?

Yes. It follows a client-server model: the client (peer) and the server mutually authenticate via commits and confirms, with the authenticator (like an AP) forwarding messages to the backend.

Does EAP‑EKE protocol use certificates?

No. EAP‑EKE does not use certificates for authentication. It leverages password-based cryptographic exchanges instead.

How many message exchanges happen during EAP‑EKE authentication?

There are typically three main message exchanges (plus identity exchange): * Identity exchange * Commit exchange * Confirm exchange If successful, it ends with an EAP Success message.

What is the final output of the connection procedure?

Establishment of mutual authentication and derivation of a shared key (e.g., MSK) used for securing subsequent communication.

What cryptographic primitives are used?

Uses Diffie-Hellman groups for ephemeral key exchanges.
Uses a pseudo-random function (PRF) built on HMAC-SHA1 or HMAC-SHA256.
Encryption (e.g., AES‑128‑CBC) and integrity protection (MAC) are used for certain fields.

Topics in this section,

Learnings in this section

Terminology

Version Info

EAP_EKE Version&IEEE Details

EAP_EKE FreeRadius Basic Setup on Ubuntu (2 Machines)

EAP_EKE FreeRadius Basic Setup on Ubuntu (3 Machines)

EAP_EKE Internal Radius Server Basic Setup on Ubuntu (2 Machines)

STEP 1: Bring up AP

STEP 2: Bring up STA

EAP_EKE Protocol Packet Details

EAP_EKE Usecases

EAP_EKE Basic Features

Reference links

Learnings in this section

In this section, you are going to learn

Terminology

Terminology

Version Info

Version Info

EAP_EKE Version&RFC Details

rfc details

Internal Radius Server Basic Setup on Ubuntu (2 Machines)

STEP 1: Bring up AP using hostapd

Run AP mode operation with hostapd

AP : Download hostapd

Note

Make sure internet is available in laptop to download hostapd package

test:~$ wget http://w1.fi/releases/hostapd-2.9.tar.gz

AP: Install required packages

test:~$ sudo apt install libnl-genl-3-dev libnl-3-dev libdbus-glib-1-dev

AP : Extract hostapd

test:~$ tar -xzvf hostapd-2.9.tar.gz

AP : Change directory to hostapd

test:~$ cd hostapd-2.9/hostapd/

AP : Check the current working directory using pwd command

Note

Make sure your current working directory is hostapd

test:~$ pwd
/home/test/hostapd-2.9/hostapd

AP : Copy the contents of defconfig file to .config file

Note

.config file is required for make to start compilation of hostapd

test:~$ sudo cp defconfig .config

See the full configuration of hostapd

# Example hostapd build time configuration
#
# This file lists the configuration options that are used when building the
# hostapd binary. All lines starting with # are ignored. Configuration option
# lines must be commented out complete, if they are not to be included, i.e.,
# just setting VARIABLE=n is not disabling that variable.
#
# This file is included in Makefile, so variables like CFLAGS and LIBS can also
# be modified from here. In most cass, these lines should use += in order not
# to override previous values of the variables.

# Driver interface for Host AP driver
CONFIG_DRIVER_HOSTAP=y

# Driver interface for wired authenticator
#CONFIG_DRIVER_WIRED=y

# Driver interface for drivers using the nl80211 kernel interface
CONFIG_DRIVER_NL80211=y
CONFIG_DRIVER_WIRED=y
CONFIG_IEEE8021X_EAPOL=y
CONFIG_RADIUS_SERVER=y
CONFIG_TLS=openssl
CONFIG_EAP=y
CONFIG_TLSV11=y
CONFIG_TLSV12=y
CONFIG_EAP_TLS=y
CONFIG_EAP_MSCHAPV2=y
CONFIG_EAP_PEAP=y
CONFIG_EAP_MD5=y
CONFIG_EAP_PAX=y

# QCA vendor extensions to nl80211
#CONFIG_DRIVER_NL80211_QCA=y

# driver_nl80211.c requires libnl. If you are compiling it yourself
# you may need to point hostapd to your version of libnl.
#
#CFLAGS += -I$<path to libnl include files>
#LIBS += -L$<path to libnl library files>

# Use libnl v2.0 (or 3.0) libraries.
#CONFIG_LIBNL20=y

# Use libnl 3.2 libraries (if this is selected, CONFIG_LIBNL20 is ignored)
CONFIG_LIBNL32=y


# Driver interface for FreeBSD net80211 layer (e.g., Atheros driver)
#CONFIG_DRIVER_BSD=y
#CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
#LIBS += -L/usr/local/lib
#LIBS_p += -L/usr/local/lib
#LIBS_c += -L/usr/local/lib

# Driver interface for no driver (e.g., RADIUS server only)
#CONFIG_DRIVER_NONE=y

# WPA2/IEEE 802.11i RSN pre-authentication
CONFIG_RSN_PREAUTH=y

# Support Operating Channel Validation
#CONFIG_OCV=y

# Integrated EAP server
CONFIG_EAP=y

# EAP Re-authentication Protocol (ERP) in integrated EAP server
CONFIG_ERP=y

# EAP-MD5 for the integrated EAP server
CONFIG_EAP_MD5=y

# EAP-TLS for the integrated EAP server
CONFIG_EAP_TLS=y

# EAP-MSCHAPv2 for the integrated EAP server
CONFIG_EAP_MSCHAPV2=y

# EAP-PEAP for the integrated EAP server
CONFIG_EAP_PEAP=y

# EAP-GTC for the integrated EAP server
CONFIG_EAP_GTC=y

# EAP-TTLS for the integrated EAP server
CONFIG_EAP_TTLS=y

# EAP-SIM for the integrated EAP server
#CONFIG_EAP_SIM=y

# EAP-AKA for the integrated EAP server
#CONFIG_EAP_AKA=y

# EAP-AKA' for the integrated EAP server
# This requires CONFIG_EAP_AKA to be enabled, too.
#CONFIG_EAP_AKA_PRIME=y

# EAP-PAX for the integrated EAP server
#CONFIG_EAP_PAX=y

# EAP-PSK for the integrated EAP server (this is _not_ needed for WPA-PSK)
#CONFIG_EAP_PSK=y

# EAP-pwd for the integrated EAP server (secure authentication with a password)
#CONFIG_EAP_PWD=y

# EAP-SAKE for the integrated EAP server
#CONFIG_EAP_SAKE=y

# EAP-GPSK for the integrated EAP server
#CONFIG_EAP_GPSK=y
# Include support for optional SHA256 cipher suite in EAP-GPSK
#CONFIG_EAP_GPSK_SHA256=y

# EAP-FAST for the integrated EAP server
#CONFIG_EAP_FAST=y

# EAP-TEAP for the integrated EAP server
# Note: The current EAP-TEAP implementation is experimental and should not be
# enabled for production use. The IETF RFC 7170 that defines EAP-TEAP has number
# of conflicting statements and missing details and the implementation has
# vendor specific workarounds for those and as such, may not interoperate with
# any other implementation. This should not be used for anything else than
# experimentation and interoperability testing until those issues has been
# resolved.
#CONFIG_EAP_TEAP=y

# Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS)
#CONFIG_WPS=y
# Enable UPnP support for external WPS Registrars
#CONFIG_WPS_UPNP=y
# Enable WPS support with NFC config method
#CONFIG_WPS_NFC=y

# EAP-IKEv2
#CONFIG_EAP_IKEV2=y

# Trusted Network Connect (EAP-TNC)
#CONFIG_EAP_TNC=y

# EAP-EKE for the integrated EAP server
#CONFIG_EAP_EKE=y

# PKCS#12 (PFX) support (used to read private key and certificate file from
# a file that usually has extension .p12 or .pfx)
CONFIG_PKCS12=y

# RADIUS authentication server. This provides access to the integrated EAP
# server from external hosts using RADIUS.
#CONFIG_RADIUS_SERVER=y

# Build IPv6 support for RADIUS operations
CONFIG_IPV6=y

# IEEE Std 802.11r-2008 (Fast BSS Transition)
#CONFIG_IEEE80211R=y

# Use the hostapd's IEEE 802.11 authentication (ACL), but without
# the IEEE 802.11 Management capability (e.g., FreeBSD/net80211)
#CONFIG_DRIVER_RADIUS_ACL=y

# Wireless Network Management (IEEE Std 802.11v-2011)
# Note: This is experimental and not complete implementation.
#CONFIG_WNM=y

# IEEE 802.11ac (Very High Throughput) support
#CONFIG_IEEE80211AC=y

# IEEE 802.11ax HE support
# Note: This is experimental and work in progress. The definitions are still
# subject to change and this should not be expected to interoperate with the
# final IEEE 802.11ax version.
#CONFIG_IEEE80211AX=y

# Remove debugging code that is printing out debug messages to stdout.
# This can be used to reduce the size of the hostapd considerably if debugging
# code is not needed.
#CONFIG_NO_STDOUT_DEBUG=y

# Add support for writing debug log to a file: -f /tmp/hostapd.log
# Disabled by default.
#CONFIG_DEBUG_FILE=y

# Send debug messages to syslog instead of stdout
#CONFIG_DEBUG_SYSLOG=y

# Add support for sending all debug messages (regardless of debug verbosity)
# to the Linux kernel tracing facility. This helps debug the entire stack by
# making it easy to record everything happening from the driver up into the
# same file, e.g., using trace-cmd.
#CONFIG_DEBUG_LINUX_TRACING=y

# Remove support for RADIUS accounting
#CONFIG_NO_ACCOUNTING=y

# Remove support for RADIUS
#CONFIG_NO_RADIUS=y

# Remove support for VLANs
#CONFIG_NO_VLAN=y

# Enable support for fully dynamic VLANs. This enables hostapd to
# automatically create bridge and VLAN interfaces if necessary.
#CONFIG_FULL_DYNAMIC_VLAN=y

# Use netlink-based kernel API for VLAN operations instead of ioctl()
# Note: This requires libnl 3.1 or newer.
#CONFIG_VLAN_NETLINK=y

# Remove support for dumping internal state through control interface commands
# This can be used to reduce binary size at the cost of disabling a debugging
# option.
#CONFIG_NO_DUMP_STATE=y

# Enable tracing code for developer debugging
# This tracks use of memory allocations and other registrations and reports
# incorrect use with a backtrace of call (or allocation) location.
#CONFIG_WPA_TRACE=y
# For BSD, comment out these.
#LIBS += -lexecinfo
#LIBS_p += -lexecinfo
#LIBS_c += -lexecinfo

# Use libbfd to get more details for developer debugging
# This enables use of libbfd to get more detailed symbols for the backtraces
# generated by CONFIG_WPA_TRACE=y.
#CONFIG_WPA_TRACE_BFD=y
# For BSD, comment out these.
#LIBS += -lbfd -liberty -lz
#LIBS_p += -lbfd -liberty -lz
#LIBS_c += -lbfd -liberty -lz

# hostapd depends on strong random number generation being available from the
# operating system. os_get_random() function is used to fetch random data when
# needed, e.g., for key generation. On Linux and BSD systems, this works by
# reading /dev/urandom. It should be noted that the OS entropy pool needs to be
# properly initialized before hostapd is started. This is important especially
# on embedded devices that do not have a hardware random number generator and
# may by default start up with minimal entropy available for random number
# generation.
#
# As a safety net, hostapd is by default trying to internally collect
# additional entropy for generating random data to mix in with the data
# fetched from the OS. This by itself is not considered to be very strong, but
# it may help in cases where the system pool is not initialized properly.
# However, it is very strongly recommended that the system pool is initialized
# with enough entropy either by using hardware assisted random number
# generator or by storing state over device reboots.
#
# hostapd can be configured to maintain its own entropy store over restarts to
# enhance random number generation. This is not perfect, but it is much more
# secure than using the same sequence of random numbers after every reboot.
# This can be enabled with -e<entropy file> command line option. The specified
# file needs to be readable and writable by hostapd.
#
# If the os_get_random() is known to provide strong random data (e.g., on
# Linux/BSD, the board in question is known to have reliable source of random
# data from /dev/urandom), the internal hostapd random pool can be disabled.
# This will save some in binary size and CPU use. However, this should only be
# considered for builds that are known to be used on devices that meet the
# requirements described above.
#CONFIG_NO_RANDOM_POOL=y

# Should we attempt to use the getrandom(2) call that provides more reliable
# yet secure randomness source than /dev/random on Linux 3.17 and newer.
# Requires glibc 2.25 to build, falls back to /dev/random if unavailable.
#CONFIG_GETRANDOM=y

# Should we use poll instead of select? Select is used by default.
#CONFIG_ELOOP_POLL=y

# Should we use epoll instead of select? Select is used by default.
#CONFIG_ELOOP_EPOLL=y

# Should we use kqueue instead of select? Select is used by default.
#CONFIG_ELOOP_KQUEUE=y

# Select TLS implementation
# openssl = OpenSSL (default)
# gnutls = GnuTLS
# internal = Internal TLSv1 implementation (experimental)
# linux = Linux kernel AF_ALG and internal TLSv1 implementation (experimental)
# none = Empty template
#CONFIG_TLS=openssl

# TLS-based EAP methods require at least TLS v1.0. Newer version of TLS (v1.1)
# can be enabled to get a stronger construction of messages when block ciphers
# are used.
#CONFIG_TLSV11=y

# TLS-based EAP methods require at least TLS v1.0. Newer version of TLS (v1.2)
# can be enabled to enable use of stronger crypto algorithms.
#CONFIG_TLSV12=y

# Select which ciphers to use by default with OpenSSL if the user does not
# specify them.
#CONFIG_TLS_DEFAULT_CIPHERS="DEFAULT:!EXP:!LOW"

# If CONFIG_TLS=internal is used, additional library and include paths are
# needed for LibTomMath. Alternatively, an integrated, minimal version of
# LibTomMath can be used. See beginning of libtommath.c for details on benefits
# and drawbacks of this option.
#CONFIG_INTERNAL_LIBTOMMATH=y
#ifndef CONFIG_INTERNAL_LIBTOMMATH
#LTM_PATH=/usr/src/libtommath-0.39
#CFLAGS += -I$(LTM_PATH)
#LIBS += -L$(LTM_PATH)
#LIBS_p += -L$(LTM_PATH)
#endif
# At the cost of about 4 kB of additional binary size, the internal LibTomMath
# can be configured to include faster routines for exptmod, sqr, and div to
# speed up DH and RSA calculation considerably
#CONFIG_INTERNAL_LIBTOMMATH_FAST=y

# Interworking (IEEE 802.11u)
# This can be used to enable functionality to improve interworking with
# external networks.
#CONFIG_INTERWORKING=y

# Hotspot 2.0
#CONFIG_HS20=y

# Enable SQLite database support in hlr_auc_gw, EAP-SIM DB, and eap_user_file
#CONFIG_SQLITE=y

# Enable Fast Session Transfer (FST)
#CONFIG_FST=y

# Enable CLI commands for FST testing
#CONFIG_FST_TEST=y

# Testing options
# This can be used to enable some testing options (see also the example
# configuration file) that are really useful only for testing clients that
# connect to this hostapd. These options allow, for example, to drop a
# certain percentage of probe requests or auth/(re)assoc frames.
#
#CONFIG_TESTING_OPTIONS=y

# Automatic Channel Selection
# This will allow hostapd to pick the channel automatically when channel is set
# to "acs_survey" or "0". Eventually, other ACS algorithms can be added in
# similar way.
#
# Automatic selection is currently only done through initialization, later on
# we hope to do background checks to keep us moving to more ideal channels as
# time goes by. ACS is currently only supported through the nl80211 driver and
# your driver must have survey dump capability that is filled by the driver
# during scanning.
#
# You can customize the ACS survey algorithm with the hostapd.conf variable
# acs_num_scans.
#
# Supported ACS drivers:
# * ath9k
# * ath5k
# * ath10k
#
# For more details refer to:
# https://wireless.wiki.kernel.org/en/users/documentation/acs
#
#CONFIG_ACS=y

# Multiband Operation support
# These extensions facilitate efficient use of multiple frequency bands
# available to the AP and the devices that may associate with it.
#CONFIG_MBO=y

# Client Taxonomy
# Has the AP retain the Probe Request and (Re)Association Request frames from
# a client, from which a signature can be produced which can identify the model
# of client device like "Nexus 6P" or "iPhone 5s".
#CONFIG_TAXONOMY=y

# Fast Initial Link Setup (FILS) (IEEE 802.11ai)
#CONFIG_FILS=y
# FILS shared key authentication with PFS
#CONFIG_FILS_SK_PFS=y

# Include internal line edit mode in hostapd_cli. This can be used to provide
# limited command line editing and history support.
#CONFIG_WPA_CLI_EDIT=y

# Opportunistic Wireless Encryption (OWE)
# Experimental implementation of draft-harkins-owe-07.txt
#CONFIG_OWE=y

# Airtime policy support
#CONFIG_AIRTIME_POLICY=y

# Override default value for the wpa_disable_eapol_key_retries configuration
# parameter. See that parameter in hostapd.conf for more details.
#CFLAGS += -DDEFAULT_WPA_DISABLE_EAPOL_KEY_RETRIES=1

# Wired equivalent privacy (WEP)
# WEP is an obsolete cryptographic data confidentiality algorithm that is not
# considered secure. It should not be used for anything anymore. The
# functionality needed to use WEP is available in the current hostapd
# release under this optional build parameter. This functionality is subject to
# be completely removed in a future release.
#CONFIG_WEP=y

# Remove all TKIP functionality
# TKIP is an old cryptographic data confidentiality algorithm that is not
# considered secure. It should not be used anymore. For now, the default hostapd
# build includes this to allow mixed mode WPA+WPA2 networks to be enabled, but
# that functionality is subject to be removed in the future.
#CONFIG_NO_TKIP=y

# Pre-Association Security Negotiation (PASN)
# Experimental implementation based on IEEE P802.11z/D2.6 and the protocol
# design is still subject to change. As such, this should not yet be enabled in
# production use.
# This requires CONFIG_IEEE80211W=y to be enabled, too.
#CONFIG_PASN=y

# Device Provisioning Protocol (DPP) (also known as Wi-Fi Easy Connect)
CONFIG_DPP=y
# DPP version 2 support
CONFIG_DPP2=y
# DPP version 3 support (experimental and still changing; do not enable for
# production use)
#CONFIG_DPP3=y

AP : Complile hostapd

Note

Compile hostapd by running make command

test:~$ make

AP : Check for the binaries created

Note

Make sure hostapd and hostapd_cli are present

test:~$ ls
hostapd
hostapd_cli

AP : Create a hostapd.conf file in /etc/hostapd folder with below content

test:~$ sudo vim /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf

ctrl_interface=/var/run/hostapd
interface=enp0s8
driver=wired
logger_stdout=1
logger_stdout_level=1
ieee8021x=1
eap_server=1
eap_user_file=/etc/hostapd/hostapd.eap_user
eap_reauth_period=3600
auth_algs=1
macaddr_acl=0

AP : Create a file eap_user in /etc/hostapd/ folder with below content

test:~$ sudo vim /etc/hostapd/hostapd.eap_user

AP : Run hostapd

test:~$ sudo ./hostapd /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf
enp0s8: interface state UNINITIALIZED->ENABLED
enp0s8: AP-ENABLED

STEP 2: Bring up STA

STA : Download wpa_supplicant

Note

Make sure internet is available in laptop to download supplicant package

test:~$ wget https://w1.fi/releases/wpa_supplicant-2.9.tar.gz

STA: Install required packages

test:~$ sudo apt install libnl-genl-3-dev libnl-3-dev libdbus-glib-1-dev

STA : Extract wpa_supplicant

test:~$ tar -xvf wpa_supplicant-2.9.tar.gz

STA : Change directory to wpa_supplicant

test:~$ cd wpa_supplicant-2.9/wpa_supplicant/

STA : Check the current working directory using pwd command

Note

Make sure your current working directory is wpa_supplicant

test:~$ pwd
/home/test/wpa_supplicant-2.9/wpa_supplicant

STA : Copy the contents of defconfig file to .config file

Note

.config file is required for make to start compilation of supplicant

test:~$ cp defconfig .config

See the full configuration of wpa_supplicant

# Example wpa_supplicant build time configuration
#
# This file lists the configuration options that are used when building the
# wpa_supplicant binary. All lines starting with # are ignored. Configuration
# option lines must be commented out complete, if they are not to be included,
# i.e., just setting VARIABLE=n is not disabling that variable.
#
# This file is included in Makefile, so variables like CFLAGS and LIBS can also
# be modified from here. In most cases, these lines should use += in order not
# to override previous values of the variables.


# Uncomment following two lines and fix the paths if you have installed OpenSSL
# or GnuTLS in non-default location
#CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/openssl/include
#LIBS += -L/usr/local/openssl/lib

# Some Red Hat versions seem to include kerberos header files from OpenSSL, but
# the kerberos files are not in the default include path. Following line can be
# used to fix build issues on such systems (krb5.h not found).
#CFLAGS += -I/usr/include/kerberos

# Driver interface for generic Linux wireless extensions
# Note: WEXT is deprecated in the current Linux kernel version and no new
# functionality is added to it. nl80211-based interface is the new
# replacement for WEXT and its use allows wpa_supplicant to properly control
# the driver to improve existing functionality like roaming and to support new
# functionality.
CONFIG_DRIVER_WEXT=y

# Driver interface for Linux drivers using the nl80211 kernel interface
CONFIG_DRIVER_NL80211=y
CONFIG_DRIVER_WIRED=y
CONFIG_IEEE8021X_EAPOL=y
CONFIG_RADIUS_SERVER=y
CONFIG_TLS=openssl
CONFIG_EAP=y
CONFIG_TLSV11=y
CONFIG_TLSV12=y
CONFIG_EAP_TLS=y
CONFIG_EAP_MSCHAPV2=y
CONFIG_EAP_PEAP=y
CONFIG_EAP_MD5=y
CONFIG_EAP_PAX=y
CONFIG_EAP_EKE=y

# QCA vendor extensions to nl80211
#CONFIG_DRIVER_NL80211_QCA=y

# driver_nl80211.c requires libnl. If you are compiling it yourself
# you may need to point hostapd to your version of libnl.
#
#CFLAGS += -I$<path to libnl include files>
#LIBS += -L$<path to libnl library files>

# Use libnl v2.0 (or 3.0) libraries.
#CONFIG_LIBNL20=y

# Use libnl 3.2 libraries (if this is selected, CONFIG_LIBNL20 is ignored)
CONFIG_LIBNL32=y


# Driver interface for FreeBSD net80211 layer (e.g., Atheros driver)
#CONFIG_DRIVER_BSD=y
#CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
#LIBS += -L/usr/local/lib
#LIBS_p += -L/usr/local/lib
#LIBS_c += -L/usr/local/lib

# Driver interface for Windows NDIS
#CONFIG_DRIVER_NDIS=y
#CFLAGS += -I/usr/include/w32api/ddk
#LIBS += -L/usr/local/lib
# For native build using mingw
#CONFIG_NATIVE_WINDOWS=y
# Additional directories for cross-compilation on Linux host for mingw target
#CFLAGS += -I/opt/mingw/mingw32/include/ddk
#LIBS += -L/opt/mingw/mingw32/lib
#CC=mingw32-gcc
# By default, driver_ndis uses WinPcap for low-level operations. This can be
# replaced with the following option which replaces WinPcap calls with NDISUIO.
# However, this requires that WZC is disabled (net stop wzcsvc) before starting
# wpa_supplicant.
# CONFIG_USE_NDISUIO=y

# Driver interface for wired Ethernet drivers
CONFIG_DRIVER_WIRED=y

# Driver interface for MACsec capable Qualcomm Atheros drivers
#CONFIG_DRIVER_MACSEC_QCA=y

# Driver interface for Linux MACsec drivers
CONFIG_DRIVER_MACSEC_LINUX=y

# Driver interface for the Broadcom RoboSwitch family
#CONFIG_DRIVER_ROBOSWITCH=y

# Driver interface for no driver (e.g., WPS ER only)
#CONFIG_DRIVER_NONE=y

# Solaris libraries
#LIBS += -lsocket -ldlpi -lnsl
#LIBS_c += -lsocket

# Enable IEEE 802.1X Supplicant (automatically included if any EAP method or
# MACsec is included)
CONFIG_IEEE8021X_EAPOL=y

# EAP-MD5
CONFIG_EAP_MD5=y

# EAP-MSCHAPv2
CONFIG_EAP_MSCHAPV2=y

# EAP-TLS
CONFIG_EAP_TLS=y

# EAL-PEAP
CONFIG_EAP_PEAP=y

# EAP-TTLS
CONFIG_EAP_TTLS=y

# EAP-FAST
CONFIG_EAP_FAST=y

# EAP-TEAP
# Note: The current EAP-TEAP implementation is experimental and should not be
# enabled for production use. The IETF RFC 7170 that defines EAP-TEAP has number
# of conflicting statements and missing details and the implementation has
# vendor specific workarounds for those and as such, may not interoperate with
# any other implementation. This should not be used for anything else than
# experimentation and interoperability testing until those issues has been
# resolved.
#CONFIG_EAP_TEAP=y

# EAP-GTC
CONFIG_EAP_GTC=y

# EAP-OTP
CONFIG_EAP_OTP=y

# EAP-SIM (enable CONFIG_PCSC, if EAP-SIM is used)
#CONFIG_EAP_SIM=y

# Enable SIM simulator (Milenage) for EAP-SIM
#CONFIG_SIM_SIMULATOR=y

# EAP-PSK (experimental; this is _not_ needed for WPA-PSK)
#CONFIG_EAP_PSK=y

# EAP-pwd (secure authentication using only a password)
CONFIG_EAP_PWD=y

# EAP-PAX
CONFIG_EAP_PAX=y

# LEAP
CONFIG_EAP_LEAP=y

# EAP-AKA (enable CONFIG_PCSC, if EAP-AKA is used)
#CONFIG_EAP_AKA=y

# EAP-AKA' (enable CONFIG_PCSC, if EAP-AKA' is used).
# This requires CONFIG_EAP_AKA to be enabled, too.
#CONFIG_EAP_AKA_PRIME=y

# Enable USIM simulator (Milenage) for EAP-AKA
#CONFIG_USIM_SIMULATOR=y

# EAP-SAKE
CONFIG_EAP_SAKE=y

# EAP-GPSK
CONFIG_EAP_GPSK=y
# Include support for optional SHA256 cipher suite in EAP-GPSK
CONFIG_EAP_GPSK_SHA256=y

# EAP-TNC and related Trusted Network Connect support (experimental)
CONFIG_EAP_TNC=y

# Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS)
CONFIG_WPS=y
# Enable WPS external registrar functionality
#CONFIG_WPS_ER=y
# Disable credentials for an open network by default when acting as a WPS
# registrar.
#CONFIG_WPS_REG_DISABLE_OPEN=y
# Enable WPS support with NFC config method
#CONFIG_WPS_NFC=y

# EAP-IKEv2
CONFIG_EAP_IKEV2=y

# EAP-EKE
#CONFIG_EAP_EKE=y

# MACsec
CONFIG_MACSEC=y

# PKCS#12 (PFX) support (used to read private key and certificate file from
# a file that usually has extension .p12 or .pfx)
CONFIG_PKCS12=y

# Smartcard support (i.e., private key on a smartcard), e.g., with openssl
# engine.
CONFIG_SMARTCARD=y

# PC/SC interface for smartcards (USIM, GSM SIM)
# Enable this if EAP-SIM or EAP-AKA is included
#CONFIG_PCSC=y

# Support HT overrides (disable HT/HT40, mask MCS rates, etc.)
#CONFIG_HT_OVERRIDES=y

# Support VHT overrides (disable VHT, mask MCS rates, etc.)
#CONFIG_VHT_OVERRIDES=y

# Development testing
#CONFIG_EAPOL_TEST=y

# Select control interface backend for external programs, e.g, wpa_cli:
# unix = UNIX domain sockets (default for Linux/*BSD)
# udp = UDP sockets using localhost (127.0.0.1)
# udp6 = UDP IPv6 sockets using localhost (::1)
# named_pipe = Windows Named Pipe (default for Windows)
# udp-remote = UDP sockets with remote access (only for tests systems/purpose)
# udp6-remote = UDP IPv6 sockets with remote access (only for tests purpose)
# y = use default (backwards compatibility)
# If this option is commented out, control interface is not included in the
# build.
CONFIG_CTRL_IFACE=y

# Include support for GNU Readline and History Libraries in wpa_cli.
# When building a wpa_cli binary for distribution, please note that these
# libraries are licensed under GPL and as such, BSD license may not apply for
# the resulting binary.
#CONFIG_READLINE=y

# Include internal line edit mode in wpa_cli. This can be used as a replacement
# for GNU Readline to provide limited command line editing and history support.
#CONFIG_WPA_CLI_EDIT=y

# Remove debugging code that is printing out debug message to stdout.
# This can be used to reduce the size of the wpa_supplicant considerably
# if debugging code is not needed. The size reduction can be around 35%
# (e.g., 90 kB).
#CONFIG_NO_STDOUT_DEBUG=y

# Remove WPA support, e.g., for wired-only IEEE 802.1X supplicant, to save
# 35-50 kB in code size.
#CONFIG_NO_WPA=y

# Remove IEEE 802.11i/WPA-Personal ASCII passphrase support
# This option can be used to reduce code size by removing support for
# converting ASCII passphrases into PSK. If this functionality is removed, the
# PSK can only be configured as the 64-octet hexstring (e.g., from
# wpa_passphrase). This saves about 0.5 kB in code size.
#CONFIG_NO_WPA_PASSPHRASE=y

# Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE), WPA3-Personal
CONFIG_SAE=y

# Disable scan result processing (ap_scan=1) to save code size by about 1 kB.
# This can be used if ap_scan=1 mode is never enabled.
#CONFIG_NO_SCAN_PROCESSING=y

# Select configuration backend:
# file = text file (e.g., wpa_supplicant.conf; note: the configuration file
#	path is given on command line, not here; this option is just used to
#	select the backend that allows configuration files to be used)
# winreg = Windows registry (see win_example.reg for an example)
CONFIG_BACKEND=file

# Remove configuration write functionality (i.e., to allow the configuration
# file to be updated based on runtime configuration changes). The runtime
# configuration can still be changed, the changes are just not going to be
# persistent over restarts. This option can be used to reduce code size by
# about 3.5 kB.
#CONFIG_NO_CONFIG_WRITE=y

# Remove support for configuration blobs to reduce code size by about 1.5 kB.
#CONFIG_NO_CONFIG_BLOBS=y

# Select program entry point implementation:
# main = UNIX/POSIX like main() function (default)
# main_winsvc = Windows service (read parameters from registry)
# main_none = Very basic example (development use only)
#CONFIG_MAIN=main

# Select wrapper for operating system and C library specific functions
# unix = UNIX/POSIX like systems (default)
# win32 = Windows systems
# none = Empty template
#CONFIG_OS=unix

# Select event loop implementation
# eloop = select() loop (default)
# eloop_win = Windows events and WaitForMultipleObject() loop
#CONFIG_ELOOP=eloop

# Should we use poll instead of select? Select is used by default.
#CONFIG_ELOOP_POLL=y

# Should we use epoll instead of select? Select is used by default.
#CONFIG_ELOOP_EPOLL=y

# Should we use kqueue instead of select? Select is used by default.
#CONFIG_ELOOP_KQUEUE=y

# Select layer 2 packet implementation
# linux = Linux packet socket (default)
# pcap = libpcap/libdnet/WinPcap
# freebsd = FreeBSD libpcap
# winpcap = WinPcap with receive thread
# ndis = Windows NDISUIO (note: requires CONFIG_USE_NDISUIO=y)
# none = Empty template
#CONFIG_L2_PACKET=linux

# Disable Linux packet socket workaround applicable for station interface
# in a bridge for EAPOL frames. This should be uncommented only if the kernel
# is known to not have the regression issue in packet socket behavior with
# bridge interfaces (commit 'bridge: respect RFC2863 operational state')').
#CONFIG_NO_LINUX_PACKET_SOCKET_WAR=y

# Support Operating Channel Validation
#CONFIG_OCV=y

# Select TLS implementation
# openssl = OpenSSL (default)
# gnutls = GnuTLS
# internal = Internal TLSv1 implementation (experimental)
# linux = Linux kernel AF_ALG and internal TLSv1 implementation (experimental)
# none = Empty template
#CONFIG_TLS=openssl

# TLS-based EAP methods require at least TLS v1.0. Newer version of TLS (v1.1)
# can be enabled to get a stronger construction of messages when block ciphers
# are used. It should be noted that some existing TLS v1.0 -based
# implementation may not be compatible with TLS v1.1 message (ClientHello is
# sent prior to negotiating which version will be used)
#CONFIG_TLSV11=y

# TLS-based EAP methods require at least TLS v1.0. Newer version of TLS (v1.2)
# can be enabled to enable use of stronger crypto algorithms. It should be
# noted that some existing TLS v1.0 -based implementation may not be compatible
# with TLS v1.2 message (ClientHello is sent prior to negotiating which version
# will be used)
#CONFIG_TLSV12=y

# Select which ciphers to use by default with OpenSSL if the user does not
# specify them.
#CONFIG_TLS_DEFAULT_CIPHERS="DEFAULT:!EXP:!LOW"

# If CONFIG_TLS=internal is used, additional library and include paths are
# needed for LibTomMath. Alternatively, an integrated, minimal version of
# LibTomMath can be used. See beginning of libtommath.c for details on benefits
# and drawbacks of this option.
#CONFIG_INTERNAL_LIBTOMMATH=y
#ifndef CONFIG_INTERNAL_LIBTOMMATH
#LTM_PATH=/usr/src/libtommath-0.39
#CFLAGS += -I$(LTM_PATH)
#LIBS += -L$(LTM_PATH)
#LIBS_p += -L$(LTM_PATH)
#endif
# At the cost of about 4 kB of additional binary size, the internal LibTomMath
# can be configured to include faster routines for exptmod, sqr, and div to
# speed up DH and RSA calculation considerably
#CONFIG_INTERNAL_LIBTOMMATH_FAST=y

# Include NDIS event processing through WMI into wpa_supplicant/wpasvc.
# This is only for Windows builds and requires WMI-related header files and
# WbemUuid.Lib from Platform SDK even when building with MinGW.
#CONFIG_NDIS_EVENTS_INTEGRATED=y
#PLATFORMSDKLIB="/opt/Program Files/Microsoft Platform SDK/Lib"

# Add support for new DBus control interface
# (fi.w1.wpa_supplicant1)
CONFIG_CTRL_IFACE_DBUS_NEW=y

# Add introspection support for new DBus control interface
CONFIG_CTRL_IFACE_DBUS_INTRO=y

# Add support for loading EAP methods dynamically as shared libraries.
# When this option is enabled, each EAP method can be either included
# statically (CONFIG_EAP_<method>=y) or dynamically (CONFIG_EAP_<method>=dyn).
# Dynamic EAP methods are build as shared objects (eap_*.so) and they need to
# be loaded in the beginning of the wpa_supplicant configuration file
# (see load_dynamic_eap parameter in the example file) before being used in
# the network blocks.
#
# Note that some shared parts of EAP methods are included in the main program
# and in order to be able to use dynamic EAP methods using these parts, the
# main program must have been build with the EAP method enabled (=y or =dyn).
# This means that EAP-TLS/PEAP/TTLS/FAST cannot be added as dynamic libraries
# unless at least one of them was included in the main build to force inclusion
# of the shared code. Similarly, at least one of EAP-SIM/AKA must be included
# in the main build to be able to load these methods dynamically.
#
# Please also note that using dynamic libraries will increase the total binary
# size. Thus, it may not be the best option for targets that have limited
# amount of memory/flash.
#CONFIG_DYNAMIC_EAP_METHODS=y

# IEEE Std 802.11r-2008 (Fast BSS Transition) for station mode
CONFIG_IEEE80211R=y

# Add support for writing debug log to a file (/tmp/wpa_supplicant-log-#.txt)
CONFIG_DEBUG_FILE=y

# Send debug messages to syslog instead of stdout
CONFIG_DEBUG_SYSLOG=y
# Set syslog facility for debug messages
#CONFIG_DEBUG_SYSLOG_FACILITY=LOG_DAEMON

# Add support for sending all debug messages (regardless of debug verbosity)
# to the Linux kernel tracing facility. This helps debug the entire stack by
# making it easy to record everything happening from the driver up into the
# same file, e.g., using trace-cmd.
#CONFIG_DEBUG_LINUX_TRACING=y

# Add support for writing debug log to Android logcat instead of standard
# output
#CONFIG_ANDROID_LOG=y

# Enable privilege separation (see README 'Privilege separation' for details)
#CONFIG_PRIVSEP=y

# Enable mitigation against certain attacks against TKIP by delaying Michael
# MIC error reports by a random amount of time between 0 and 60 seconds
#CONFIG_DELAYED_MIC_ERROR_REPORT=y

# Enable tracing code for developer debugging
# This tracks use of memory allocations and other registrations and reports
# incorrect use with a backtrace of call (or allocation) location.
#CONFIG_WPA_TRACE=y
# For BSD, uncomment these.
#LIBS += -lexecinfo
#LIBS_p += -lexecinfo
#LIBS_c += -lexecinfo

# Use libbfd to get more details for developer debugging
# This enables use of libbfd to get more detailed symbols for the backtraces
# generated by CONFIG_WPA_TRACE=y.
#CONFIG_WPA_TRACE_BFD=y
# For BSD, uncomment these.
#LIBS += -lbfd -liberty -lz
#LIBS_p += -lbfd -liberty -lz
#LIBS_c += -lbfd -liberty -lz

# wpa_supplicant depends on strong random number generation being available
# from the operating system. os_get_random() function is used to fetch random
# data when needed, e.g., for key generation. On Linux and BSD systems, this
# works by reading /dev/urandom. It should be noted that the OS entropy pool
# needs to be properly initialized before wpa_supplicant is started. This is
# important especially on embedded devices that do not have a hardware random
# number generator and may by default start up with minimal entropy available
# for random number generation.
#
# As a safety net, wpa_supplicant is by default trying to internally collect
# additional entropy for generating random data to mix in with the data fetched
# from the OS. This by itself is not considered to be very strong, but it may
# help in cases where the system pool is not initialized properly. However, it
# is very strongly recommended that the system pool is initialized with enough
# entropy either by using hardware assisted random number generator or by
# storing state over device reboots.
#
# wpa_supplicant can be configured to maintain its own entropy store over
# restarts to enhance random number generation. This is not perfect, but it is
# much more secure than using the same sequence of random numbers after every
# reboot. This can be enabled with -e<entropy file> command line option. The
# specified file needs to be readable and writable by wpa_supplicant.
#
# If the os_get_random() is known to provide strong random data (e.g., on
# Linux/BSD, the board in question is known to have reliable source of random
# data from /dev/urandom), the internal wpa_supplicant random pool can be
# disabled. This will save some in binary size and CPU use. However, this
# should only be considered for builds that are known to be used on devices
# that meet the requirements described above.
#CONFIG_NO_RANDOM_POOL=y

# Should we attempt to use the getrandom(2) call that provides more reliable
# yet secure randomness source than /dev/random on Linux 3.17 and newer.
# Requires glibc 2.25 to build, falls back to /dev/random if unavailable.
#CONFIG_GETRANDOM=y

# IEEE 802.11ac (Very High Throughput) support (mainly for AP mode)
CONFIG_IEEE80211AC=y

# Wireless Network Management (IEEE Std 802.11v-2011)
# Note: This is experimental and not complete implementation.
#CONFIG_WNM=y

# Interworking (IEEE 802.11u)
# This can be used to enable functionality to improve interworking with
# external networks (GAS/ANQP to learn more about the networks and network
# selection based on available credentials).
CONFIG_INTERWORKING=y

# Hotspot 2.0
CONFIG_HS20=y

# Enable interface matching in wpa_supplicant
#CONFIG_MATCH_IFACE=y

# Disable roaming in wpa_supplicant
#CONFIG_NO_ROAMING=y

# AP mode operations with wpa_supplicant
# This can be used for controlling AP mode operations with wpa_supplicant. It
# should be noted that this is mainly aimed at simple cases like
# WPA2-Personal while more complex configurations like WPA2-Enterprise with an
# external RADIUS server can be supported with hostapd.
CONFIG_AP=y

# P2P (Wi-Fi Direct)
# This can be used to enable P2P support in wpa_supplicant. See README-P2P for
# more information on P2P operations.
CONFIG_P2P=y

# Enable TDLS support
CONFIG_TDLS=y

# Wi-Fi Display
# This can be used to enable Wi-Fi Display extensions for P2P using an external
# program to control the additional information exchanges in the messages.
CONFIG_WIFI_DISPLAY=y

# Autoscan
# This can be used to enable automatic scan support in wpa_supplicant.
# See wpa_supplicant.conf for more information on autoscan usage.
#
# Enabling directly a module will enable autoscan support.
# For exponential module:
#CONFIG_AUTOSCAN_EXPONENTIAL=y
# For periodic module:
#CONFIG_AUTOSCAN_PERIODIC=y

# Password (and passphrase, etc.) backend for external storage
# These optional mechanisms can be used to add support for storing passwords
# and other secrets in external (to wpa_supplicant) location. This allows, for
# example, operating system specific key storage to be used
#
# External password backend for testing purposes (developer use)
#CONFIG_EXT_PASSWORD_TEST=y
# File-based backend to read passwords from an external file.
#CONFIG_EXT_PASSWORD_FILE=y

# Enable Fast Session Transfer (FST)
#CONFIG_FST=y

# Enable CLI commands for FST testing
#CONFIG_FST_TEST=y

# OS X builds. This is only for building eapol_test.
#CONFIG_OSX=y

# Automatic Channel Selection
# This will allow wpa_supplicant to pick the channel automatically when channel
# is set to "0".
#
# TODO: Extend parser to be able to parse "channel=acs_survey" as an alternative
# to "channel=0". This would enable us to eventually add other ACS algorithms in
# similar way.
#
# Automatic selection is currently only done through initialization, later on
# we hope to do background checks to keep us moving to more ideal channels as
# time goes by. ACS is currently only supported through the nl80211 driver and
# your driver must have survey dump capability that is filled by the driver
# during scanning.
#
# TODO: In analogy to hostapd be able to customize the ACS survey algorithm with
# a newly to create wpa_supplicant.conf variable acs_num_scans.
#
# Supported ACS drivers:
# * ath9k
# * ath5k
# * ath10k
#
# For more details refer to:
# http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Documentation/acs
#CONFIG_ACS=y

# Support Multi Band Operation
#CONFIG_MBO=y

# Fast Initial Link Setup (FILS) (IEEE 802.11ai)
#CONFIG_FILS=y
# FILS shared key authentication with PFS
#CONFIG_FILS_SK_PFS=y

# Support RSN on IBSS networks
# This is needed to be able to use mode=1 network profile with proto=RSN and
# key_mgmt=WPA-PSK (i.e., full key management instead of WPA-None).
CONFIG_IBSS_RSN=y

# External PMKSA cache control
# This can be used to enable control interface commands that allow the current
# PMKSA cache entries to be fetched and new entries to be added.
#CONFIG_PMKSA_CACHE_EXTERNAL=y

# Mesh Networking (IEEE 802.11s)
#CONFIG_MESH=y

# Background scanning modules
# These can be used to request wpa_supplicant to perform background scanning
# operations for roaming within an ESS (same SSID). See the bgscan parameter in
# the wpa_supplicant.conf file for more details.
# Periodic background scans based on signal strength
CONFIG_BGSCAN_SIMPLE=y
# Learn channels used by the network and try to avoid bgscans on other
# channels (experimental)
#CONFIG_BGSCAN_LEARN=y

# Opportunistic Wireless Encryption (OWE)
# Experimental implementation of draft-harkins-owe-07.txt
#CONFIG_OWE=y

# Device Provisioning Protocol (DPP) (also known as Wi-Fi Easy Connect)
CONFIG_DPP=y
# DPP version 2 support
CONFIG_DPP2=y
# DPP version 3 support (experimental and still changing; do not enable for
# production use)
#CONFIG_DPP3=y

# Wired equivalent privacy (WEP)
# WEP is an obsolete cryptographic data confidentiality algorithm that is not
# considered secure. It should not be used for anything anymore. The
# functionality needed to use WEP is available in the current wpa_supplicant
# release under this optional build parameter. This functionality is subject to
# be completely removed in a future release.
#CONFIG_WEP=y

# Remove all TKIP functionality
# TKIP is an old cryptographic data confidentiality algorithm that is not
# considered secure. It should not be used anymore for anything else than a
# backwards compatibility option as a group cipher when connecting to APs that
# use WPA+WPA2 mixed mode. For now, the default wpa_supplicant build includes
# support for this by default, but that functionality is subject to be removed
# in the future.
#CONFIG_NO_TKIP=y

# Pre-Association Security Negotiation (PASN)
# Experimental implementation based on IEEE P802.11z/D2.6 and the protocol
# design is still subject to change. As such, this should not yet be enabled in
# production use.
#CONFIG_PASN=y

STA : Compile wpa_supplicant

Note

Compile supplicant by running make command.

test:~$ make

STA: You might get errors while make regarding openssl headers in that case install the openssl headers and then do make clean and then do make again.

test:~$ sudo apt install libssl-dev
test:~$ make clean
test:~$ make

STA : Check for the binaries created

Note

Make sure wpa_supplicant and wpa_cli are present

test:~$ ls
wpa_supplicant
wpa_cli

STA: Copy required certificates from hostapd to wpa_supplicant

STA : Create wpa_supplicant.conf

test:~$ sudo vim wpa_supplicant.conf

ctrl_interface=/run/wpa_supplicant
update_config=1
network={
key_mgmt=WPA-EAP
eap=EKE
identity="user6"
password="123456"
}

STA : Run wpa_supplicant

test:~$ sudo ./wpa_supplicant -D wired -i enp0s8 -c wpa_supplicant.conf
enp0s8: CTRL-EVENT-EAP-SUCCESS EAP authentication completed successfully

STA: Test

test:sudo ./wpa_cli -i enp0s8
> status

Wireshark Output

Download file to check wireshark output

Packet capture in EAP_EKE

EAP_EKE FreeRadius Basic Setup on Ubuntu (3 Machines)

setup

EAP_EKE FreeRadius Basic Setup on Ubuntu (2 Machines)

setup

EAP_EKE Protocol Packet Details

packet details

EAP_EKE Usecases

usecases

EAP_EKE Basic Features

features

Reference links

Reference links