EAP-MD5-Challenge

What is EAP-MD5-Challenge?

EAP-MD5-Challenge is an authentication method that uses the MD5 hashing algorithm. It is part of the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) framework and involves a challenge-response authentication mechanism, where the client hashes the challenge with a shared secret and returns the result to the server for validation.

Why is EAP-MD5-Challenge useful?

  • Provides simple password-based authentication.

  • Widely supported in older systems.

  • Lightweight and easy to implement.

  • Suitable for environments requiring minimal overhead.

How it works?

  • The server sends a random challenge to the client.

  • The client hashes the challenge using a pre-shared secret (password).

  • The client sends the hashed challenge back to the server.

  • The server compares the returned hash with the expected hash to authenticate the client.

Where is EAP-MD5-Challenge used?

  • Wireless networks (e.g., WEP).

  • Legacy systems requiring challenge-response authentication.

  • Environments where minimal security is sufficient.

Which OSI layer does this protocol belong to?

  • EAP-MD5-Challenge operates at the Application Layer (Layer 7) of the OSI model.

  • It relies on lower OSI layers for transport, typically using RADIUS over UDP.

Is EAP-MD5-Challenge Windows specific?

No, EAP-MD5-Challenge is not Windows-specific. It is supported on various platforms, including Linux, macOS, and others.

Is EAP-MD5-Challenge Linux specific?

No, EAP-MD5-Challenge is not Linux-specific. It can be implemented across various operating systems.

Which Transport Protocol is used by EAP-MD5-Challenge?

EAP-MD5-Challenge typically uses UDP for transport when used with the RADIUS protocol.

Which Port is used by EAP-MD5-Challenge?

EAP-MD5-Challenge uses UDP port 1812 for authentication via the RADIUS protocol.

Is EAP-MD5-Challenge using Client-server model?

Yes, EAP-MD5-Challenge follows a client-server model. The client sends data to the server, which performs the authentication.

Does EAP-MD5-Challenge protocol use certificates?

No, EAP-MD5-Challenge does not use certificates. It relies on a shared secret (password) for authentication.

How many frame exchanges are seen during connection for EAP-MD5-Challenge protocol?

There are two frame exchanges during the connection process: 1. The server sends a challenge to the client. 2. The client sends the hashed challenge response back to the server.

Does EAP-MD5-Challenge Protocol use client certificates?

No, EAP-MD5-Challenge does not use client certificates for authentication.

Does EAP-MD5-Challenge Protocol use Server Certificates?

No, EAP-MD5-Challenge does not use server certificates. It uses a shared secret for challenge-response authentication.

Does EAP-MD5-Challenge Protocol depend on TCP?

No, EAP-MD5-Challenge does not depend on TCP. It typically uses UDP with RADIUS.

Does EAP-MD5-Challenge Protocol depend on UDP?

Yes, EAP-MD5-Challenge typically uses UDP when used with RADIUS.

What are the roles involved when testing EAP-MD5-Challenge Protocol?

  • Client: Initiates authentication by sending a challenge response.

  • Server: Verifies the challenge response and authenticates the client.

  • Administrator: Configures the shared secret and manages the authentication system.

Does EAP-MD5-Challenge Protocol work with FreeRADIUS server on Linux?

Yes, EAP-MD5-Challenge works with FreeRADIUS on Linux, as FreeRADIUS supports this authentication method.

Does EAP-MD5-Challenge Protocol work with Internal RADIUS server of hostapd?

Yes, EAP-MD5-Challenge works with the internal RADIUS server of hostapd.

What is the RFC version used for EAP-MD5-Challenge Protocol?

EAP-MD5-Challenge is defined in RFC 3748 (Extensible Authentication Protocol).

During Connection Procedure which EAP packets are encrypted?

EAP-MD5-Challenge does not encrypt the EAP packets. The security relies on the challenge-response authentication.

Can you explain different stages of Connection Procedure for EAP-MD5-Challenge?

  1. Challenge: The server sends a challenge to the client.

  2. Response: The client hashes the challenge with the shared secret and returns it.

  3. Authentication: The server compares the hash and authenticates the client.

What is the final output of Connection Procedure?

The final output is either successful authentication if the hashes match, or failure if the hashes do not match.

What is the format of the key generated after the connection procedure?

EAP-MD5-Challenge does not generate a key. It performs password-based authentication through a challenge-response mechanism.

Where is the use of PMK generated by the connection procedure?

EAP-MD5-Challenge does not involve a Pairwise Master Key (PMK), as it uses a simple password-based authentication method.

Topics in this section,

  • In this section, you are going to learn

  • Terminology

  • Version Info

  • rfc details

  • Run Free RADIUS

FreeRADIUS: Download latest freeradius source code

Note

  • Make sure internet is available in laptop to download freeradius package

 
test:~$ wget https://github.com/FreeRADIUS/freeradius-server/archive/v3.0.x.tar.gz

FreeRADIUS: Extract freeradius

 
test:~$ tar -zvf v3.0.x.tar.gz

FreeRADIUS: Change directory to Radius server

 
test:~$ cd freeradius-server-3.0/

FreeRADIUS: Check the current working directory using pwd command

Note

  • Make sure your current working directory is freeradius-server-3.0

 
test:~$ pwd
/home/test/freeradius-server-3.0

FreeRADIUS: Open debian/rules and add this line –without-rml_sql_iodbc above –without-rlm_eap_ikev2

 
test:~$ vim debian/rules
--without-rml_sql_iodbc \
--without-rlm_eap_ikev2 \

FreeRADIUS: Configure for Compilation

 
test:~$ ./configure

FreeRADIUS: Build the Radius server

 
test:~$ make

FreeRADIUS: Go to raddb folder (all radius server/client files and certificates and keys will be generated here)

 
test:~$ cd /usr/local/etc/raddb

FreeRADIUS: Open clients.conf file and verify localhost client is present else add your own client like below

 
test:~$ sudo vi clients.conf

client 192.168.56.10{
ipaddr = 192.168.56.10
secret = testing123
}

FreeRADIUS: Open users file and uncomment below two lines or add

 
test:~$ sudo vi users

bob 	Cleartext-Password := "testing123"
 	Reply-Message := "Hello, %{User-Name}"

FreeRADIUS: Set default_eap_type=tls in eap file located in /usr/local/etc/raddb/mods-enabled

 
test:~$ sudo vi /usr/local/etc/raddb/mods-enabled/eap

default_eap_type=md5

FreeRADIUS: Start radius server

 
test:~$ sudo radiusd -X

  • Run AP mode operation with hostapd

AP : Download hostapd

Note

  • Make sure internet is available in laptop to download hostapd package

 
test:~$ wget http://w1.fi/releases/hostapd-2.9.tar.gz

AP: Install required packages

 
test:~$ sudo apt install libnl-genl-3-dev libnl-3-dev libdbus-glib-1-dev

AP : Extract hostapd

 
test:~$ tar -xzvf hostapd-2.9.tar.gz

AP : Change directory to hostapd

 
test:~$ cd hostapd-2.9/hostapd/

AP : Check the current working directory using pwd command

Note

  • Make sure your current working directory is hostapd

 
test:~$ pwd
/home/test/hostapd-2.9/hostapd

AP : Copy the contents of defconfig file to .config file

Note

  • .config file is required for make to start compilation of hostapd

 
test:~$ sudo cp defconfig .config
See the full configuration of hostapd
# Example hostapd build time configuration
#
# This file lists the configuration options that are used when building the
# hostapd binary. All lines starting with # are ignored. Configuration option
# lines must be commented out complete, if they are not to be included, i.e.,
# just setting VARIABLE=n is not disabling that variable.
#
# This file is included in Makefile, so variables like CFLAGS and LIBS can also
# be modified from here. In most cass, these lines should use += in order not
# to override previous values of the variables.

# Driver interface for Host AP driver
CONFIG_DRIVER_HOSTAP=y

# Driver interface for wired authenticator
#CONFIG_DRIVER_WIRED=y

# Driver interface for drivers using the nl80211 kernel interface
CONFIG_DRIVER_NL80211=y
CONFIG_DRIVER_WIRED=y
CONFIG_IEEE8021X_EAPOL=y
CONFIG_RADIUS_SERVER=y
CONFIG_TLS=openssl
CONFIG_EAP=y
CONFIG_TLSV11=y
CONFIG_TLSV12=y
CONFIG_EAP_TLS=y
CONFIG_EAP_MSCHAPV2=y
CONFIG_EAP_PEAP=y
CONFIG_EAP_MD5=y
CONFIG_EAP_GTC=y

# QCA vendor extensions to nl80211
#CONFIG_DRIVER_NL80211_QCA=y

# driver_nl80211.c requires libnl. If you are compiling it yourself
# you may need to point hostapd to your version of libnl.
#
#CFLAGS += -I$<path to libnl include files>
#LIBS += -L$<path to libnl library files>

# Use libnl v2.0 (or 3.0) libraries.
#CONFIG_LIBNL20=y

# Use libnl 3.2 libraries (if this is selected, CONFIG_LIBNL20 is ignored)
CONFIG_LIBNL32=y


# Driver interface for FreeBSD net80211 layer (e.g., Atheros driver)
#CONFIG_DRIVER_BSD=y
#CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
#LIBS += -L/usr/local/lib
#LIBS_p += -L/usr/local/lib
#LIBS_c += -L/usr/local/lib

# Driver interface for no driver (e.g., RADIUS server only)
#CONFIG_DRIVER_NONE=y

# WPA2/IEEE 802.11i RSN pre-authentication
CONFIG_RSN_PREAUTH=y

# Support Operating Channel Validation
#CONFIG_OCV=y

# Integrated EAP server
CONFIG_EAP=y

# EAP Re-authentication Protocol (ERP) in integrated EAP server
CONFIG_ERP=y

# EAP-MD5 for the integrated EAP server
CONFIG_EAP_MD5=y

# EAP-TLS for the integrated EAP server
CONFIG_EAP_TLS=y

# EAP-MSCHAPv2 for the integrated EAP server
CONFIG_EAP_MSCHAPV2=y

# EAP-PEAP for the integrated EAP server
CONFIG_EAP_PEAP=y

# EAP-GTC for the integrated EAP server
CONFIG_EAP_GTC=y

# EAP-TTLS for the integrated EAP server
CONFIG_EAP_TTLS=y

# EAP-SIM for the integrated EAP server
#CONFIG_EAP_SIM=y

# EAP-AKA for the integrated EAP server
#CONFIG_EAP_AKA=y

# EAP-AKA' for the integrated EAP server
# This requires CONFIG_EAP_AKA to be enabled, too.
#CONFIG_EAP_AKA_PRIME=y

# EAP-PAX for the integrated EAP server
#CONFIG_EAP_PAX=y

# EAP-PSK for the integrated EAP server (this is _not_ needed for WPA-PSK)
#CONFIG_EAP_PSK=y

# EAP-pwd for the integrated EAP server (secure authentication with a password)
#CONFIG_EAP_PWD=y

# EAP-SAKE for the integrated EAP server
#CONFIG_EAP_SAKE=y

# EAP-GPSK for the integrated EAP server
#CONFIG_EAP_GPSK=y
# Include support for optional SHA256 cipher suite in EAP-GPSK
#CONFIG_EAP_GPSK_SHA256=y

# EAP-FAST for the integrated EAP server
#CONFIG_EAP_FAST=y

# EAP-TEAP for the integrated EAP server
# Note: The current EAP-TEAP implementation is experimental and should not be
# enabled for production use. The IETF RFC 7170 that defines EAP-TEAP has number
# of conflicting statements and missing details and the implementation has
# vendor specific workarounds for those and as such, may not interoperate with
# any other implementation. This should not be used for anything else than
# experimentation and interoperability testing until those issues has been
# resolved.
#CONFIG_EAP_TEAP=y

# Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS)
#CONFIG_WPS=y
# Enable UPnP support for external WPS Registrars
#CONFIG_WPS_UPNP=y
# Enable WPS support with NFC config method
#CONFIG_WPS_NFC=y

# EAP-IKEv2
#CONFIG_EAP_IKEV2=y

# Trusted Network Connect (EAP-TNC)
#CONFIG_EAP_TNC=y

# EAP-EKE for the integrated EAP server
#CONFIG_EAP_EKE=y

# PKCS#12 (PFX) support (used to read private key and certificate file from
# a file that usually has extension .p12 or .pfx)
CONFIG_PKCS12=y

# RADIUS authentication server. This provides access to the integrated EAP
# server from external hosts using RADIUS.
#CONFIG_RADIUS_SERVER=y

# Build IPv6 support for RADIUS operations
CONFIG_IPV6=y

# IEEE Std 802.11r-2008 (Fast BSS Transition)
#CONFIG_IEEE80211R=y

# Use the hostapd's IEEE 802.11 authentication (ACL), but without
# the IEEE 802.11 Management capability (e.g., FreeBSD/net80211)
#CONFIG_DRIVER_RADIUS_ACL=y

# Wireless Network Management (IEEE Std 802.11v-2011)
# Note: This is experimental and not complete implementation.
#CONFIG_WNM=y

# IEEE 802.11ac (Very High Throughput) support
#CONFIG_IEEE80211AC=y

# IEEE 802.11ax HE support
# Note: This is experimental and work in progress. The definitions are still
# subject to change and this should not be expected to interoperate with the
# final IEEE 802.11ax version.
#CONFIG_IEEE80211AX=y

# Remove debugging code that is printing out debug messages to stdout.
# This can be used to reduce the size of the hostapd considerably if debugging
# code is not needed.
#CONFIG_NO_STDOUT_DEBUG=y

# Add support for writing debug log to a file: -f /tmp/hostapd.log
# Disabled by default.
#CONFIG_DEBUG_FILE=y

# Send debug messages to syslog instead of stdout
#CONFIG_DEBUG_SYSLOG=y

# Add support for sending all debug messages (regardless of debug verbosity)
# to the Linux kernel tracing facility. This helps debug the entire stack by
# making it easy to record everything happening from the driver up into the
# same file, e.g., using trace-cmd.
#CONFIG_DEBUG_LINUX_TRACING=y

# Remove support for RADIUS accounting
#CONFIG_NO_ACCOUNTING=y

# Remove support for RADIUS
#CONFIG_NO_RADIUS=y

# Remove support for VLANs
#CONFIG_NO_VLAN=y

# Enable support for fully dynamic VLANs. This enables hostapd to
# automatically create bridge and VLAN interfaces if necessary.
#CONFIG_FULL_DYNAMIC_VLAN=y

# Use netlink-based kernel API for VLAN operations instead of ioctl()
# Note: This requires libnl 3.1 or newer.
#CONFIG_VLAN_NETLINK=y

# Remove support for dumping internal state through control interface commands
# This can be used to reduce binary size at the cost of disabling a debugging
# option.
#CONFIG_NO_DUMP_STATE=y

# Enable tracing code for developer debugging
# This tracks use of memory allocations and other registrations and reports
# incorrect use with a backtrace of call (or allocation) location.
#CONFIG_WPA_TRACE=y
# For BSD, comment out these.
#LIBS += -lexecinfo
#LIBS_p += -lexecinfo
#LIBS_c += -lexecinfo

# Use libbfd to get more details for developer debugging
# This enables use of libbfd to get more detailed symbols for the backtraces
# generated by CONFIG_WPA_TRACE=y.
#CONFIG_WPA_TRACE_BFD=y
# For BSD, comment out these.
#LIBS += -lbfd -liberty -lz
#LIBS_p += -lbfd -liberty -lz
#LIBS_c += -lbfd -liberty -lz

# hostapd depends on strong random number generation being available from the
# operating system. os_get_random() function is used to fetch random data when
# needed, e.g., for key generation. On Linux and BSD systems, this works by
# reading /dev/urandom. It should be noted that the OS entropy pool needs to be
# properly initialized before hostapd is started. This is important especially
# on embedded devices that do not have a hardware random number generator and
# may by default start up with minimal entropy available for random number
# generation.
#
# As a safety net, hostapd is by default trying to internally collect
# additional entropy for generating random data to mix in with the data
# fetched from the OS. This by itself is not considered to be very strong, but
# it may help in cases where the system pool is not initialized properly.
# However, it is very strongly recommended that the system pool is initialized
# with enough entropy either by using hardware assisted random number
# generator or by storing state over device reboots.
#
# hostapd can be configured to maintain its own entropy store over restarts to
# enhance random number generation. This is not perfect, but it is much more
# secure than using the same sequence of random numbers after every reboot.
# This can be enabled with -e<entropy file> command line option. The specified
# file needs to be readable and writable by hostapd.
#
# If the os_get_random() is known to provide strong random data (e.g., on
# Linux/BSD, the board in question is known to have reliable source of random
# data from /dev/urandom), the internal hostapd random pool can be disabled.
# This will save some in binary size and CPU use. However, this should only be
# considered for builds that are known to be used on devices that meet the
# requirements described above.
#CONFIG_NO_RANDOM_POOL=y

# Should we attempt to use the getrandom(2) call that provides more reliable
# yet secure randomness source than /dev/random on Linux 3.17 and newer.
# Requires glibc 2.25 to build, falls back to /dev/random if unavailable.
#CONFIG_GETRANDOM=y

# Should we use poll instead of select? Select is used by default.
#CONFIG_ELOOP_POLL=y

# Should we use epoll instead of select? Select is used by default.
#CONFIG_ELOOP_EPOLL=y

# Should we use kqueue instead of select? Select is used by default.
#CONFIG_ELOOP_KQUEUE=y

# Select TLS implementation
# openssl = OpenSSL (default)
# gnutls = GnuTLS
# internal = Internal TLSv1 implementation (experimental)
# linux = Linux kernel AF_ALG and internal TLSv1 implementation (experimental)
# none = Empty template
#CONFIG_TLS=openssl

# TLS-based EAP methods require at least TLS v1.0. Newer version of TLS (v1.1)
# can be enabled to get a stronger construction of messages when block ciphers
# are used.
#CONFIG_TLSV11=y

# TLS-based EAP methods require at least TLS v1.0. Newer version of TLS (v1.2)
# can be enabled to enable use of stronger crypto algorithms.
#CONFIG_TLSV12=y

# Select which ciphers to use by default with OpenSSL if the user does not
# specify them.
#CONFIG_TLS_DEFAULT_CIPHERS="DEFAULT:!EXP:!LOW"

# If CONFIG_TLS=internal is used, additional library and include paths are
# needed for LibTomMath. Alternatively, an integrated, minimal version of
# LibTomMath can be used. See beginning of libtommath.c for details on benefits
# and drawbacks of this option.
#CONFIG_INTERNAL_LIBTOMMATH=y
#ifndef CONFIG_INTERNAL_LIBTOMMATH
#LTM_PATH=/usr/src/libtommath-0.39
#CFLAGS += -I$(LTM_PATH)
#LIBS += -L$(LTM_PATH)
#LIBS_p += -L$(LTM_PATH)
#endif
# At the cost of about 4 kB of additional binary size, the internal LibTomMath
# can be configured to include faster routines for exptmod, sqr, and div to
# speed up DH and RSA calculation considerably
#CONFIG_INTERNAL_LIBTOMMATH_FAST=y

# Interworking (IEEE 802.11u)
# This can be used to enable functionality to improve interworking with
# external networks.
#CONFIG_INTERWORKING=y

# Hotspot 2.0
#CONFIG_HS20=y

# Enable SQLite database support in hlr_auc_gw, EAP-SIM DB, and eap_user_file
#CONFIG_SQLITE=y

# Enable Fast Session Transfer (FST)
#CONFIG_FST=y

# Enable CLI commands for FST testing
#CONFIG_FST_TEST=y

# Testing options
# This can be used to enable some testing options (see also the example
# configuration file) that are really useful only for testing clients that
# connect to this hostapd. These options allow, for example, to drop a
# certain percentage of probe requests or auth/(re)assoc frames.
#
#CONFIG_TESTING_OPTIONS=y

# Automatic Channel Selection
# This will allow hostapd to pick the channel automatically when channel is set
# to "acs_survey" or "0". Eventually, other ACS algorithms can be added in
# similar way.
#
# Automatic selection is currently only done through initialization, later on
# we hope to do background checks to keep us moving to more ideal channels as
# time goes by. ACS is currently only supported through the nl80211 driver and
# your driver must have survey dump capability that is filled by the driver
# during scanning.
#
# You can customize the ACS survey algorithm with the hostapd.conf variable
# acs_num_scans.
#
# Supported ACS drivers:
# * ath9k
# * ath5k
# * ath10k
#
# For more details refer to:
# https://wireless.wiki.kernel.org/en/users/documentation/acs
#
#CONFIG_ACS=y

# Multiband Operation support
# These extensions facilitate efficient use of multiple frequency bands
# available to the AP and the devices that may associate with it.
#CONFIG_MBO=y

# Client Taxonomy
# Has the AP retain the Probe Request and (Re)Association Request frames from
# a client, from which a signature can be produced which can identify the model
# of client device like "Nexus 6P" or "iPhone 5s".
#CONFIG_TAXONOMY=y

# Fast Initial Link Setup (FILS) (IEEE 802.11ai)
#CONFIG_FILS=y
# FILS shared key authentication with PFS
#CONFIG_FILS_SK_PFS=y

# Include internal line edit mode in hostapd_cli. This can be used to provide
# limited command line editing and history support.
#CONFIG_WPA_CLI_EDIT=y

# Opportunistic Wireless Encryption (OWE)
# Experimental implementation of draft-harkins-owe-07.txt
#CONFIG_OWE=y

# Airtime policy support
#CONFIG_AIRTIME_POLICY=y

# Override default value for the wpa_disable_eapol_key_retries configuration
# parameter. See that parameter in hostapd.conf for more details.
#CFLAGS += -DDEFAULT_WPA_DISABLE_EAPOL_KEY_RETRIES=1

# Wired equivalent privacy (WEP)
# WEP is an obsolete cryptographic data confidentiality algorithm that is not
# considered secure. It should not be used for anything anymore. The
# functionality needed to use WEP is available in the current hostapd
# release under this optional build parameter. This functionality is subject to
# be completely removed in a future release.
#CONFIG_WEP=y

# Remove all TKIP functionality
# TKIP is an old cryptographic data confidentiality algorithm that is not
# considered secure. It should not be used anymore. For now, the default hostapd
# build includes this to allow mixed mode WPA+WPA2 networks to be enabled, but
# that functionality is subject to be removed in the future.
#CONFIG_NO_TKIP=y

# Pre-Association Security Negotiation (PASN)
# Experimental implementation based on IEEE P802.11z/D2.6 and the protocol
# design is still subject to change. As such, this should not yet be enabled in
# production use.
# This requires CONFIG_IEEE80211W=y to be enabled, too.
#CONFIG_PASN=y

# Device Provisioning Protocol (DPP) (also known as Wi-Fi Easy Connect)
CONFIG_DPP=y
# DPP version 2 support
CONFIG_DPP2=y
# DPP version 3 support (experimental and still changing; do not enable for
# production use)
#CONFIG_DPP3=y

AP : Complile hostapd

Note

  • Compile hostapd by running make command

 
test:~$ make

AP : Check for the binaries created

Note

  • Make sure hostapd and hostapd_cli are present

 
test:~$ ls
hostapd
hostapd_cli

AP : Create a hostapd.conf file in /etc/hostapd folder with below content

 
test:~$ sudo vim /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf

ctrl_interface=/var/run/hostapd
interface=enp0s8
driver=wired
logger_stdout=1
logger_stdout_level=1
debug=2
ieee8021x=1
eap_server=0
eap_user_file=/etc/hostapd/eap_user
eap_reauth_period=3600
use_pae_group_addr=1
auth_algs=1
auth_server_addr=127.0.0.1
auth_server_port=1812
auth_server_shared_secret=testing123
acct_server_addr=127.0.0.1
acct_server_port=1812
acct_server_shared_secret=testing123
macaddr_acl=0
ca_cert=/usr/local/etc/raddb/certs/ca.pem
server_cert=/usr/local/etc/raddb/certs/server.crt
private_key=/usr/local/etc/raddb/certs/server.p12
private_key_passwd=whatever

AP : Create a file eap_user in /etc/hostapd/ folder with below content

 
test:~$ sudo vim /etc/hostapd/eap_user
See the file of eap_user
"user"                PEAP
"tls_user"            TLS
"gtc"                 GTC             "password"
"ttls"                TTLS
"*"                   PEAP,TTLS,TLS
"md5"                 MD5             "password"    [2]
"chap"                MSCHAPV2        "password"    [2]
"peap"                MSCHAPV2        "password"    [2]
"gtc"                 GTC             "password"    [2]
"ttls-MSCHAP"         MSCHAPV2        "password"    [2]
"user"                MD5,GTC,MSCHAPV2  "p"         [2]
"ttls"                TTLS-PAP,TTLS-CHAP,TTLS-MSCHAP,TTLS-MSCHAPV2    "p"   [2]

AP : Run hostapd

 
test:~$ sudo ./hostapd /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf
enp0s8: interface state UNINITIALIZED->ENABLED
enp0s8: AP-ENABLED

STA : Download wpa_supplicant

Note

  • Make sure internet is available in laptop to download supplicant package

 
test:~$ wget https://w1.fi/releases/wpa_supplicant-2.9.tar.gz

STA: Install required packages

 
test:~$ sudo apt install libnl-genl-3-dev libnl-3-dev libdbus-glib-1-dev

STA : Extract wpa_supplicant

 
test:~$ tar -xvf wpa_supplicant-2.9.tar.gz

STA : Change directory to wpa_supplicant

 
test:~$ cd wpa_supplicant-2.9/wpa_supplicant/

STA : Check the current working directory using pwd command

Note

  • Make sure your current working directory is wpa_supplicant

 
test:~$ pwd
/home/test/wpa_supplicant-2.9/wpa_supplicant

STA : Copy the contents of defconfig file to .config file

Note

  • .config file is required for make to start compilation of supplicant

 
test:~$ cp defconfig .config
See the full configuration of wpa_supplicant
# Example wpa_supplicant build time configuration
#
# This file lists the configuration options that are used when building the
# wpa_supplicant binary. All lines starting with # are ignored. Configuration
# option lines must be commented out complete, if they are not to be included,
# i.e., just setting VARIABLE=n is not disabling that variable.
#
# This file is included in Makefile, so variables like CFLAGS and LIBS can also
# be modified from here. In most cases, these lines should use += in order not
# to override previous values of the variables.


# Uncomment following two lines and fix the paths if you have installed OpenSSL
# or GnuTLS in non-default location
#CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/openssl/include
#LIBS += -L/usr/local/openssl/lib

# Some Red Hat versions seem to include kerberos header files from OpenSSL, but
# the kerberos files are not in the default include path. Following line can be
# used to fix build issues on such systems (krb5.h not found).
#CFLAGS += -I/usr/include/kerberos

# Driver interface for generic Linux wireless extensions
# Note: WEXT is deprecated in the current Linux kernel version and no new
# functionality is added to it. nl80211-based interface is the new
# replacement for WEXT and its use allows wpa_supplicant to properly control
# the driver to improve existing functionality like roaming and to support new
# functionality.
CONFIG_DRIVER_WEXT=y

# Driver interface for Linux drivers using the nl80211 kernel interface
CONFIG_DRIVER_NL80211=y
CONFIG_DRIVER_WIRED=y
CONFIG_IEEE8021X_EAPOL=y
CONFIG_RADIUS_SERVER=y
CONFIG_TLS=openssl
CONFIG_EAP=y
CONFIG_TLSV11=y
CONFIG_TLSV12=y
CONFIG_EAP_TLS=y
CONFIG_EAP_MSCHAPV2=y
CONFIG_EAP_PEAP=y
CONFIG_EAP_MD5=y
CONFIG_EAP_GTC=y
# QCA vendor extensions to nl80211
#CONFIG_DRIVER_NL80211_QCA=y

# driver_nl80211.c requires libnl. If you are compiling it yourself
# you may need to point hostapd to your version of libnl.
#
#CFLAGS += -I$<path to libnl include files>
#LIBS += -L$<path to libnl library files>

# Use libnl v2.0 (or 3.0) libraries.
#CONFIG_LIBNL20=y

# Use libnl 3.2 libraries (if this is selected, CONFIG_LIBNL20 is ignored)
CONFIG_LIBNL32=y


# Driver interface for FreeBSD net80211 layer (e.g., Atheros driver)
#CONFIG_DRIVER_BSD=y
#CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
#LIBS += -L/usr/local/lib
#LIBS_p += -L/usr/local/lib
#LIBS_c += -L/usr/local/lib

# Driver interface for Windows NDIS
#CONFIG_DRIVER_NDIS=y
#CFLAGS += -I/usr/include/w32api/ddk
#LIBS += -L/usr/local/lib
# For native build using mingw
#CONFIG_NATIVE_WINDOWS=y
# Additional directories for cross-compilation on Linux host for mingw target
#CFLAGS += -I/opt/mingw/mingw32/include/ddk
#LIBS += -L/opt/mingw/mingw32/lib
#CC=mingw32-gcc
# By default, driver_ndis uses WinPcap for low-level operations. This can be
# replaced with the following option which replaces WinPcap calls with NDISUIO.
# However, this requires that WZC is disabled (net stop wzcsvc) before starting
# wpa_supplicant.
# CONFIG_USE_NDISUIO=y

# Driver interface for wired Ethernet drivers
CONFIG_DRIVER_WIRED=y

# Driver interface for MACsec capable Qualcomm Atheros drivers
#CONFIG_DRIVER_MACSEC_QCA=y

# Driver interface for Linux MACsec drivers
CONFIG_DRIVER_MACSEC_LINUX=y

# Driver interface for the Broadcom RoboSwitch family
#CONFIG_DRIVER_ROBOSWITCH=y

# Driver interface for no driver (e.g., WPS ER only)
#CONFIG_DRIVER_NONE=y

# Solaris libraries
#LIBS += -lsocket -ldlpi -lnsl
#LIBS_c += -lsocket

# Enable IEEE 802.1X Supplicant (automatically included if any EAP method or
# MACsec is included)
CONFIG_IEEE8021X_EAPOL=y

# EAP-MD5
CONFIG_EAP_MD5=y

# EAP-MSCHAPv2
CONFIG_EAP_MSCHAPV2=y

# EAP-TLS
CONFIG_EAP_TLS=y

# EAL-PEAP
CONFIG_EAP_PEAP=y

# EAP-TTLS
CONFIG_EAP_TTLS=y

# EAP-FAST
CONFIG_EAP_FAST=y

# EAP-TEAP
# Note: The current EAP-TEAP implementation is experimental and should not be
# enabled for production use. The IETF RFC 7170 that defines EAP-TEAP has number
# of conflicting statements and missing details and the implementation has
# vendor specific workarounds for those and as such, may not interoperate with
# any other implementation. This should not be used for anything else than
# experimentation and interoperability testing until those issues has been
# resolved.
#CONFIG_EAP_TEAP=y

# EAP-GTC
CONFIG_EAP_GTC=y

# EAP-OTP
CONFIG_EAP_OTP=y

# EAP-SIM (enable CONFIG_PCSC, if EAP-SIM is used)
#CONFIG_EAP_SIM=y

# Enable SIM simulator (Milenage) for EAP-SIM
#CONFIG_SIM_SIMULATOR=y

# EAP-PSK (experimental; this is _not_ needed for WPA-PSK)
#CONFIG_EAP_PSK=y

# EAP-pwd (secure authentication using only a password)
CONFIG_EAP_PWD=y

# EAP-PAX
CONFIG_EAP_PAX=y

# LEAP
CONFIG_EAP_LEAP=y

# EAP-AKA (enable CONFIG_PCSC, if EAP-AKA is used)
#CONFIG_EAP_AKA=y

# EAP-AKA' (enable CONFIG_PCSC, if EAP-AKA' is used).
# This requires CONFIG_EAP_AKA to be enabled, too.
#CONFIG_EAP_AKA_PRIME=y

# Enable USIM simulator (Milenage) for EAP-AKA
#CONFIG_USIM_SIMULATOR=y

# EAP-SAKE
CONFIG_EAP_SAKE=y

# EAP-GPSK
CONFIG_EAP_GPSK=y
# Include support for optional SHA256 cipher suite in EAP-GPSK
CONFIG_EAP_GPSK_SHA256=y

# EAP-TNC and related Trusted Network Connect support (experimental)
CONFIG_EAP_TNC=y

# Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS)
CONFIG_WPS=y
# Enable WPS external registrar functionality
#CONFIG_WPS_ER=y
# Disable credentials for an open network by default when acting as a WPS
# registrar.
#CONFIG_WPS_REG_DISABLE_OPEN=y
# Enable WPS support with NFC config method
#CONFIG_WPS_NFC=y

# EAP-IKEv2
CONFIG_EAP_IKEV2=y

# EAP-EKE
#CONFIG_EAP_EKE=y

# MACsec
CONFIG_MACSEC=y

# PKCS#12 (PFX) support (used to read private key and certificate file from
# a file that usually has extension .p12 or .pfx)
CONFIG_PKCS12=y

# Smartcard support (i.e., private key on a smartcard), e.g., with openssl
# engine.
CONFIG_SMARTCARD=y

# PC/SC interface for smartcards (USIM, GSM SIM)
# Enable this if EAP-SIM or EAP-AKA is included
#CONFIG_PCSC=y

# Support HT overrides (disable HT/HT40, mask MCS rates, etc.)
#CONFIG_HT_OVERRIDES=y

# Support VHT overrides (disable VHT, mask MCS rates, etc.)
#CONFIG_VHT_OVERRIDES=y

# Development testing
#CONFIG_EAPOL_TEST=y

# Select control interface backend for external programs, e.g, wpa_cli:
# unix = UNIX domain sockets (default for Linux/*BSD)
# udp = UDP sockets using localhost (127.0.0.1)
# udp6 = UDP IPv6 sockets using localhost (::1)
# named_pipe = Windows Named Pipe (default for Windows)
# udp-remote = UDP sockets with remote access (only for tests systems/purpose)
# udp6-remote = UDP IPv6 sockets with remote access (only for tests purpose)
# y = use default (backwards compatibility)
# If this option is commented out, control interface is not included in the
# build.
CONFIG_CTRL_IFACE=y

# Include support for GNU Readline and History Libraries in wpa_cli.
# When building a wpa_cli binary for distribution, please note that these
# libraries are licensed under GPL and as such, BSD license may not apply for
# the resulting binary.
#CONFIG_READLINE=y

# Include internal line edit mode in wpa_cli. This can be used as a replacement
# for GNU Readline to provide limited command line editing and history support.
#CONFIG_WPA_CLI_EDIT=y

# Remove debugging code that is printing out debug message to stdout.
# This can be used to reduce the size of the wpa_supplicant considerably
# if debugging code is not needed. The size reduction can be around 35%
# (e.g., 90 kB).
#CONFIG_NO_STDOUT_DEBUG=y

# Remove WPA support, e.g., for wired-only IEEE 802.1X supplicant, to save
# 35-50 kB in code size.
#CONFIG_NO_WPA=y

# Remove IEEE 802.11i/WPA-Personal ASCII passphrase support
# This option can be used to reduce code size by removing support for
# converting ASCII passphrases into PSK. If this functionality is removed, the
# PSK can only be configured as the 64-octet hexstring (e.g., from
# wpa_passphrase). This saves about 0.5 kB in code size.
#CONFIG_NO_WPA_PASSPHRASE=y

# Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE), WPA3-Personal
CONFIG_SAE=y

# Disable scan result processing (ap_scan=1) to save code size by about 1 kB.
# This can be used if ap_scan=1 mode is never enabled.
#CONFIG_NO_SCAN_PROCESSING=y

# Select configuration backend:
# file = text file (e.g., wpa_supplicant.conf; note: the configuration file
#	path is given on command line, not here; this option is just used to
#	select the backend that allows configuration files to be used)
# winreg = Windows registry (see win_example.reg for an example)
CONFIG_BACKEND=file

# Remove configuration write functionality (i.e., to allow the configuration
# file to be updated based on runtime configuration changes). The runtime
# configuration can still be changed, the changes are just not going to be
# persistent over restarts. This option can be used to reduce code size by
# about 3.5 kB.
#CONFIG_NO_CONFIG_WRITE=y

# Remove support for configuration blobs to reduce code size by about 1.5 kB.
#CONFIG_NO_CONFIG_BLOBS=y

# Select program entry point implementation:
# main = UNIX/POSIX like main() function (default)
# main_winsvc = Windows service (read parameters from registry)
# main_none = Very basic example (development use only)
#CONFIG_MAIN=main

# Select wrapper for operating system and C library specific functions
# unix = UNIX/POSIX like systems (default)
# win32 = Windows systems
# none = Empty template
#CONFIG_OS=unix

# Select event loop implementation
# eloop = select() loop (default)
# eloop_win = Windows events and WaitForMultipleObject() loop
#CONFIG_ELOOP=eloop

# Should we use poll instead of select? Select is used by default.
#CONFIG_ELOOP_POLL=y

# Should we use epoll instead of select? Select is used by default.
#CONFIG_ELOOP_EPOLL=y

# Should we use kqueue instead of select? Select is used by default.
#CONFIG_ELOOP_KQUEUE=y

# Select layer 2 packet implementation
# linux = Linux packet socket (default)
# pcap = libpcap/libdnet/WinPcap
# freebsd = FreeBSD libpcap
# winpcap = WinPcap with receive thread
# ndis = Windows NDISUIO (note: requires CONFIG_USE_NDISUIO=y)
# none = Empty template
#CONFIG_L2_PACKET=linux

# Disable Linux packet socket workaround applicable for station interface
# in a bridge for EAPOL frames. This should be uncommented only if the kernel
# is known to not have the regression issue in packet socket behavior with
# bridge interfaces (commit 'bridge: respect RFC2863 operational state')').
#CONFIG_NO_LINUX_PACKET_SOCKET_WAR=y

# Support Operating Channel Validation
#CONFIG_OCV=y

# Select TLS implementation
# openssl = OpenSSL (default)
# gnutls = GnuTLS
# internal = Internal TLSv1 implementation (experimental)
# linux = Linux kernel AF_ALG and internal TLSv1 implementation (experimental)
# none = Empty template
#CONFIG_TLS=openssl

# TLS-based EAP methods require at least TLS v1.0. Newer version of TLS (v1.1)
# can be enabled to get a stronger construction of messages when block ciphers
# are used. It should be noted that some existing TLS v1.0 -based
# implementation may not be compatible with TLS v1.1 message (ClientHello is
# sent prior to negotiating which version will be used)
#CONFIG_TLSV11=y

# TLS-based EAP methods require at least TLS v1.0. Newer version of TLS (v1.2)
# can be enabled to enable use of stronger crypto algorithms. It should be
# noted that some existing TLS v1.0 -based implementation may not be compatible
# with TLS v1.2 message (ClientHello is sent prior to negotiating which version
# will be used)
#CONFIG_TLSV12=y

# Select which ciphers to use by default with OpenSSL if the user does not
# specify them.
#CONFIG_TLS_DEFAULT_CIPHERS="DEFAULT:!EXP:!LOW"

# If CONFIG_TLS=internal is used, additional library and include paths are
# needed for LibTomMath. Alternatively, an integrated, minimal version of
# LibTomMath can be used. See beginning of libtommath.c for details on benefits
# and drawbacks of this option.
#CONFIG_INTERNAL_LIBTOMMATH=y
#ifndef CONFIG_INTERNAL_LIBTOMMATH
#LTM_PATH=/usr/src/libtommath-0.39
#CFLAGS += -I$(LTM_PATH)
#LIBS += -L$(LTM_PATH)
#LIBS_p += -L$(LTM_PATH)
#endif
# At the cost of about 4 kB of additional binary size, the internal LibTomMath
# can be configured to include faster routines for exptmod, sqr, and div to
# speed up DH and RSA calculation considerably
#CONFIG_INTERNAL_LIBTOMMATH_FAST=y

# Include NDIS event processing through WMI into wpa_supplicant/wpasvc.
# This is only for Windows builds and requires WMI-related header files and
# WbemUuid.Lib from Platform SDK even when building with MinGW.
#CONFIG_NDIS_EVENTS_INTEGRATED=y
#PLATFORMSDKLIB="/opt/Program Files/Microsoft Platform SDK/Lib"

# Add support for new DBus control interface
# (fi.w1.wpa_supplicant1)
CONFIG_CTRL_IFACE_DBUS_NEW=y

# Add introspection support for new DBus control interface
CONFIG_CTRL_IFACE_DBUS_INTRO=y

# Add support for loading EAP methods dynamically as shared libraries.
# When this option is enabled, each EAP method can be either included
# statically (CONFIG_EAP_<method>=y) or dynamically (CONFIG_EAP_<method>=dyn).
# Dynamic EAP methods are build as shared objects (eap_*.so) and they need to
# be loaded in the beginning of the wpa_supplicant configuration file
# (see load_dynamic_eap parameter in the example file) before being used in
# the network blocks.
#
# Note that some shared parts of EAP methods are included in the main program
# and in order to be able to use dynamic EAP methods using these parts, the
# main program must have been build with the EAP method enabled (=y or =dyn).
# This means that EAP-TLS/PEAP/TTLS/FAST cannot be added as dynamic libraries
# unless at least one of them was included in the main build to force inclusion
# of the shared code. Similarly, at least one of EAP-SIM/AKA must be included
# in the main build to be able to load these methods dynamically.
#
# Please also note that using dynamic libraries will increase the total binary
# size. Thus, it may not be the best option for targets that have limited
# amount of memory/flash.
#CONFIG_DYNAMIC_EAP_METHODS=y

# IEEE Std 802.11r-2008 (Fast BSS Transition) for station mode
CONFIG_IEEE80211R=y

# Add support for writing debug log to a file (/tmp/wpa_supplicant-log-#.txt)
CONFIG_DEBUG_FILE=y

# Send debug messages to syslog instead of stdout
CONFIG_DEBUG_SYSLOG=y
# Set syslog facility for debug messages
#CONFIG_DEBUG_SYSLOG_FACILITY=LOG_DAEMON

# Add support for sending all debug messages (regardless of debug verbosity)
# to the Linux kernel tracing facility. This helps debug the entire stack by
# making it easy to record everything happening from the driver up into the
# same file, e.g., using trace-cmd.
#CONFIG_DEBUG_LINUX_TRACING=y

# Add support for writing debug log to Android logcat instead of standard
# output
#CONFIG_ANDROID_LOG=y

# Enable privilege separation (see README 'Privilege separation' for details)
#CONFIG_PRIVSEP=y

# Enable mitigation against certain attacks against TKIP by delaying Michael
# MIC error reports by a random amount of time between 0 and 60 seconds
#CONFIG_DELAYED_MIC_ERROR_REPORT=y

# Enable tracing code for developer debugging
# This tracks use of memory allocations and other registrations and reports
# incorrect use with a backtrace of call (or allocation) location.
#CONFIG_WPA_TRACE=y
# For BSD, uncomment these.
#LIBS += -lexecinfo
#LIBS_p += -lexecinfo
#LIBS_c += -lexecinfo

# Use libbfd to get more details for developer debugging
# This enables use of libbfd to get more detailed symbols for the backtraces
# generated by CONFIG_WPA_TRACE=y.
#CONFIG_WPA_TRACE_BFD=y
# For BSD, uncomment these.
#LIBS += -lbfd -liberty -lz
#LIBS_p += -lbfd -liberty -lz
#LIBS_c += -lbfd -liberty -lz

# wpa_supplicant depends on strong random number generation being available
# from the operating system. os_get_random() function is used to fetch random
# data when needed, e.g., for key generation. On Linux and BSD systems, this
# works by reading /dev/urandom. It should be noted that the OS entropy pool
# needs to be properly initialized before wpa_supplicant is started. This is
# important especially on embedded devices that do not have a hardware random
# number generator and may by default start up with minimal entropy available
# for random number generation.
#
# As a safety net, wpa_supplicant is by default trying to internally collect
# additional entropy for generating random data to mix in with the data fetched
# from the OS. This by itself is not considered to be very strong, but it may
# help in cases where the system pool is not initialized properly. However, it
# is very strongly recommended that the system pool is initialized with enough
# entropy either by using hardware assisted random number generator or by
# storing state over device reboots.
#
# wpa_supplicant can be configured to maintain its own entropy store over
# restarts to enhance random number generation. This is not perfect, but it is
# much more secure than using the same sequence of random numbers after every
# reboot. This can be enabled with -e<entropy file> command line option. The
# specified file needs to be readable and writable by wpa_supplicant.
#
# If the os_get_random() is known to provide strong random data (e.g., on
# Linux/BSD, the board in question is known to have reliable source of random
# data from /dev/urandom), the internal wpa_supplicant random pool can be
# disabled. This will save some in binary size and CPU use. However, this
# should only be considered for builds that are known to be used on devices
# that meet the requirements described above.
#CONFIG_NO_RANDOM_POOL=y

# Should we attempt to use the getrandom(2) call that provides more reliable
# yet secure randomness source than /dev/random on Linux 3.17 and newer.
# Requires glibc 2.25 to build, falls back to /dev/random if unavailable.
#CONFIG_GETRANDOM=y

# IEEE 802.11ac (Very High Throughput) support (mainly for AP mode)
CONFIG_IEEE80211AC=y

# Wireless Network Management (IEEE Std 802.11v-2011)
# Note: This is experimental and not complete implementation.
#CONFIG_WNM=y

# Interworking (IEEE 802.11u)
# This can be used to enable functionality to improve interworking with
# external networks (GAS/ANQP to learn more about the networks and network
# selection based on available credentials).
CONFIG_INTERWORKING=y

# Hotspot 2.0
CONFIG_HS20=y

# Enable interface matching in wpa_supplicant
#CONFIG_MATCH_IFACE=y

# Disable roaming in wpa_supplicant
#CONFIG_NO_ROAMING=y

# AP mode operations with wpa_supplicant
# This can be used for controlling AP mode operations with wpa_supplicant. It
# should be noted that this is mainly aimed at simple cases like
# WPA2-Personal while more complex configurations like WPA2-Enterprise with an
# external RADIUS server can be supported with hostapd.
CONFIG_AP=y

# P2P (Wi-Fi Direct)
# This can be used to enable P2P support in wpa_supplicant. See README-P2P for
# more information on P2P operations.
CONFIG_P2P=y

# Enable TDLS support
CONFIG_TDLS=y

# Wi-Fi Display
# This can be used to enable Wi-Fi Display extensions for P2P using an external
# program to control the additional information exchanges in the messages.
CONFIG_WIFI_DISPLAY=y

# Autoscan
# This can be used to enable automatic scan support in wpa_supplicant.
# See wpa_supplicant.conf for more information on autoscan usage.
#
# Enabling directly a module will enable autoscan support.
# For exponential module:
#CONFIG_AUTOSCAN_EXPONENTIAL=y
# For periodic module:
#CONFIG_AUTOSCAN_PERIODIC=y

# Password (and passphrase, etc.) backend for external storage
# These optional mechanisms can be used to add support for storing passwords
# and other secrets in external (to wpa_supplicant) location. This allows, for
# example, operating system specific key storage to be used
#
# External password backend for testing purposes (developer use)
#CONFIG_EXT_PASSWORD_TEST=y
# File-based backend to read passwords from an external file.
#CONFIG_EXT_PASSWORD_FILE=y

# Enable Fast Session Transfer (FST)
#CONFIG_FST=y

# Enable CLI commands for FST testing
#CONFIG_FST_TEST=y

# OS X builds. This is only for building eapol_test.
#CONFIG_OSX=y

# Automatic Channel Selection
# This will allow wpa_supplicant to pick the channel automatically when channel
# is set to "0".
#
# TODO: Extend parser to be able to parse "channel=acs_survey" as an alternative
# to "channel=0". This would enable us to eventually add other ACS algorithms in
# similar way.
#
# Automatic selection is currently only done through initialization, later on
# we hope to do background checks to keep us moving to more ideal channels as
# time goes by. ACS is currently only supported through the nl80211 driver and
# your driver must have survey dump capability that is filled by the driver
# during scanning.
#
# TODO: In analogy to hostapd be able to customize the ACS survey algorithm with
# a newly to create wpa_supplicant.conf variable acs_num_scans.
#
# Supported ACS drivers:
# * ath9k
# * ath5k
# * ath10k
#
# For more details refer to:
# http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Documentation/acs
#CONFIG_ACS=y

# Support Multi Band Operation
#CONFIG_MBO=y

# Fast Initial Link Setup (FILS) (IEEE 802.11ai)
#CONFIG_FILS=y
# FILS shared key authentication with PFS
#CONFIG_FILS_SK_PFS=y

# Support RSN on IBSS networks
# This is needed to be able to use mode=1 network profile with proto=RSN and
# key_mgmt=WPA-PSK (i.e., full key management instead of WPA-None).
CONFIG_IBSS_RSN=y

# External PMKSA cache control
# This can be used to enable control interface commands that allow the current
# PMKSA cache entries to be fetched and new entries to be added.
#CONFIG_PMKSA_CACHE_EXTERNAL=y

# Mesh Networking (IEEE 802.11s)
#CONFIG_MESH=y

# Background scanning modules
# These can be used to request wpa_supplicant to perform background scanning
# operations for roaming within an ESS (same SSID). See the bgscan parameter in
# the wpa_supplicant.conf file for more details.
# Periodic background scans based on signal strength
CONFIG_BGSCAN_SIMPLE=y
# Learn channels used by the network and try to avoid bgscans on other
# channels (experimental)
#CONFIG_BGSCAN_LEARN=y

# Opportunistic Wireless Encryption (OWE)
# Experimental implementation of draft-harkins-owe-07.txt
#CONFIG_OWE=y

# Device Provisioning Protocol (DPP) (also known as Wi-Fi Easy Connect)
CONFIG_DPP=y
# DPP version 2 support
CONFIG_DPP2=y
# DPP version 3 support (experimental and still changing; do not enable for
# production use)
#CONFIG_DPP3=y

# Wired equivalent privacy (WEP)
# WEP is an obsolete cryptographic data confidentiality algorithm that is not
# considered secure. It should not be used for anything anymore. The
# functionality needed to use WEP is available in the current wpa_supplicant
# release under this optional build parameter. This functionality is subject to
# be completely removed in a future release.
#CONFIG_WEP=y

# Remove all TKIP functionality
# TKIP is an old cryptographic data confidentiality algorithm that is not
# considered secure. It should not be used anymore for anything else than a
# backwards compatibility option as a group cipher when connecting to APs that
# use WPA+WPA2 mixed mode. For now, the default wpa_supplicant build includes
# support for this by default, but that functionality is subject to be removed
# in the future.
#CONFIG_NO_TKIP=y

# Pre-Association Security Negotiation (PASN)
# Experimental implementation based on IEEE P802.11z/D2.6 and the protocol
# design is still subject to change. As such, this should not yet be enabled in
# production use.
#CONFIG_PASN=y

STA : Compile wpa_supplicant

Note

  • Compile supplicant by running make command.

 
test:~$ make

STA: You might get errors while make regarding openssl headers in that case install the openssl headers and then do make clean and then do make again.

 
test:~$ sudo apt install libssl-dev
test:~$ make clean
test:~$ make

STA : Check for the binaries created

Note

  • Make sure wpa_supplicant and wpa_cli are present

 
test:~$ ls
wpa_supplicant
wpa_cli

STA: Copy required certificates from hostapd to wpa_supplicant

STA : Create wpa_supplicant.conf

 
test:~$ sudo vim wpa_supplicant.conf

ctrl_interface=/run/wpa_supplicant
update_config=1
network={
key_mgmt=IEEE8021X
eap=MD5
identity="bob"
password="testing123"
}

STA : Run wpa_supplicant

 
test:~$ sudo ./wpa_supplicant -D wired -i enp0s8 -c wpa_supplicant.conf
enp0s8: CTRL-EVENT-EAP-SUCCESS EAP authentication completed successfully

STA: Test

 
test:sudo ./wpa_cli -i enp0s8
> status

  • setup

  • setup

  • packet details

  • usecases

  • features

  • Reference links